Question 1

Which type of prokaryotes are able to live in the most extreme environments?

Accepted Answer

A)  cyanobacteria
B)  anaerobic bacteria
C)  archaea
D)  heterotrophic
E)  aerobic bacteriaF) All of the above
G) D) and E)

Question 2

Bacteria cause diseases in humans when they

Accepted Answer

A)  rearrange the genes of the host to code for specific virulence factors that determine the type and extent of the illness.
B)  carry the same genes as the host organism,causing them to be indistinguishable from the host cell.
C)  carry the genes that code for virulent factors,causing them to be more harmful to humans.
D)  carry genes that allow them to become symbiotes.
E)  carry the genes of organisms like birds (bird flu) or pigs (swine flu) .F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 3

The archaea include all of the following EXCEPT the

Accepted Answer

A)  methanogens.
B)  lichens.
C)  halophiles.
D)  thermoacidophiles.
E)  prokaryotes.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a virus?

Accepted Answer

A)  acellular
B)  obligate parasite
C)  can be synthesized from chemicals in the laboratory
D)  diseases caused by viruses can be treated with antibiotics
E)  contain DNA or RNAF) None of the above
G) B) and D)

Question 5

Biological evolution (the evolution of living cells) differs from chemical evolution (the evolution of the molecules that make living cells) in that biological evolution would have been possible only after the development of

Accepted Answer

A)  a membrane.
B)  nucleic acids.
C)  enzymes.
D)  a metabolic pathway.
E)  RNA and enzymes.F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 6

Which statement is NOT true about a protocell?

Accepted Answer

A)  It would have contained DNA as its genetic material.
B)  It would have been present before the development of a true cell.
C)  It would have had a lipid and protein membrane surrounding it.
D)  It would have contained a biochemical pathway for energy metabolism.
E)  The hydrophilic heads of the membrane would have pointed outwards while the hydrophilic tails would have pointed inwards.F) D) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 7

Bacteria can be beneficial in all but which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

A)  They can be used to clean up an oil spill in a process called bioremediation.
B)  They can be used in industry to generate products,particularly in food processing.
C)  They are present on the skin and help crowd out harmful bacteria.
D)  They are the primary producers of most ecosystems.
E)  They function in waste water purification to remove both organic and inorganic substances.F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 8

Which relationship is NOT correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  halobacteria-high salt concentration
B)  thermoacidophiles-cold Antarctic ice
C)  methanogens-swamps and marshes
D)  cyanobacteria-photosynthesis
E)  methanogens-biogas and greenhouse warmingF) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 9

Which type of sexual exchange occurs among bacteria in which DNA is carried into a bacterial cell by means of a virus?

Accepted Answer

A)  binary fission
B)  conjugation
C)  transformation
D)  transduction
E)  buddingF) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 10

Metabolically,the archaea are

Accepted Answer

A)  photosynthetic.
B)  not metabolically active.
C)  heterotrophic and some are autotrophic as well.
D)  parasitic.
E)  all autotrophs.F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 11

Miller's laboratory experiments showed that

Accepted Answer

A)  the first cell was probably made of nucleic acids.
B)  it is possible to form protocells.
C)  the primitive gases can react together to produce small organic molecules.
D)  atmospheric pressure is required for life to begin.
E)  the earth is approximately 4.5 billion years old.F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 12

The synthesis of DNA or RNA from the organic soup would have been guided by the actions of enzymes in the

Accepted Answer

A)  protein-first hypothesis.
B)  RNA-first hypothesis.
C)  clay-catalyst hypothesis.
D)  chloroplast.
E)  DNA-first hypothesis.F) D) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct order,from simple to complex,showing the origin of life?

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins  →\rightarrow→  CH4 and NH3  →\rightarrow→  amino acids  →\rightarrow→  C,H,O,N
B)  C,H,O,N  →\rightarrow→  CH4 and NH3  →\rightarrow→  amino acid  →\rightarrow→  proteins
C)  C,H,O,N  →\rightarrow→  amino acids  →\rightarrow→  proteins →\rightarrow→ CH4 and NH3
D)  amino acids  →\rightarrow→ proteins  →\rightarrow→ C,H,O,N  →\rightarrow→ CH4 and NH3
E)  CH4 and NH3  →\rightarrow→ proteins  →\rightarrow→  C,H,O,N  →\rightarrow→  amino acids F) A) and C)
G) All of the above

Question 14

When an enveloped animal virus enters a cell during the entry stage,

Accepted Answer

A)  the next thing it does is assemble a new virus.
B)  the envelope is removed after the virus is inside the cell's nucleus.
C)  the protein capsid is removed through uncoating to expose the viral genome.
D)  it immediately integrates its nucleic acid genome into the host chromosomes.
E)  its cycle always results in the death of the animal cell.F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 15

Bacterial metabolism is quite diverse and can range from heterotrophic individuals that are anaerobic to ones that use mitochondria to run cellular respiration.rev: 12_12_2013_QC_42367

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The innermost core of a virus's structure is made up of

Accepted Answer

A)  a membranous envelope.
B)  both DNA and RNA.
C)  either DNA or RNA.
D)  a protein capsid.
E)  a protein spore coat.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 17

Most viruses are

Accepted Answer

A)  much smaller than bacteria.
B)  usually more than 1 micron long.
C)  larger than protists.
D)  immeasurable.
E)  single celled.F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 18

Which of these is a correct description of a form of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  Crossing-over occurs between paired chromosomes in meiosis.
B)  Conjugation occurs when a cell passes DNA to another cell by means of a sex pilus.
C)  Transformation occurs when a bacteriophage carries a bit of DNA from a previous host cell to a new host cell.
D)  Transduction occurs when a live bacterium picks up DNA from dead bacteria that have shed it into the environment of the living cell.
E)  Binary fission occurs when two bacteria cells exchange genetic information.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 19

The central dogma of genetics states that DNA directs protein synthesis and that information flows from

Accepted Answer

A)  protein  →\rightarrow→  RNA  →\rightarrow→  DNA
B)  protein  →\rightarrow→  DNA  →\rightarrow→  RNA
C)  RNA  →\rightarrow→  protein  →\rightarrow→  DNA
D)  RNA  →\rightarrow→  DNA  →\rightarrow→  protein
E)  DNA  →\rightarrow→  RNA  →\rightarrow→  protein F) C) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 20

Naked strands of RNA not covered by a capsid are

Accepted Answer

A)  archaea.
B)  retroviruses.
C)  viroids.
D)  prions.
E)  viruses.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Exam 28: Viruses, bacteria, and Archaea

Which statement is NOT true about a protocell?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most viruses are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which type of sexual exchange occurs among bacteria in which DNA is carried into a bacterial cell by means of a virus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Miller's laboratory experiments showed that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The archaea include all of the following EXCEPT the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When an enveloped animal virus enters a cell during the entry stage,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bacteria cause diseases in humans when they

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Naked strands of RNA not covered by a capsid are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these is a correct description of a form of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The central dogma of genetics states that DNA directs protein synthesis and that information flows from

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Metabolically,the archaea are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a virus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The innermost core of a virus's structure is made up of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bacteria can be beneficial in all but which of the following ways?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Biological evolution (the evolution of living cells) differs from chemical evolution (the evolution of the molecules that make living cells) in that biological evolution would have been possible only after the development of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is the correct order,from simple to complex,showing the origin of life?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bacterial metabolism is quite diverse and can range from heterotrophic individuals that are anaerobic to ones that use mitochondria to run cellular respiration.rev: 12_12_2013_QC_42367

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which type of prokaryotes are able to live in the most extreme environments?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The synthesis of DNA or RNA from the organic soup would have been guided by the actions of enzymes in the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which relationship is NOT correct?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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