Question 1

Patients with diabetes mellitus have frequent urination and increased thirst because

Accepted Answer

A)   less water passes from the glomerulus to the glomerular capsule.
B)   more water is driven from the glomerulus to the glomerular capsule than normal.
C)   more salt is reabsorbed at the proximal convoluted tubule.
D)   an increase in sodium ions causes more nerve stimulation and triggers urination.
E)   increased glucose in the urine increases its osmolarity and less water is reabsorbed by blood.F) D) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 2

Glucose is found in glomerular filtrate but NOT in the urine because

Accepted Answer

A)   the kidney stores glucose as glycogen.
B)   kidney cells require glucose because energy is needed for active transport.
C)   glucose is reabsorbed back into the bloodstream.
D)   glucose is converted to amino acids in the kidney.
E)   glucose molecules are too large to pass through the loop of the nephron (loop of Henle) .F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 3

Which is NOT a function of the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A)   monitoring and maintaining blood pH
B)   regulating blood pressure by regulating salt balance in the blood
C)   elimination of nitrogenous wastes including urea, uric acid, and creatinine
D)   hormone secretion to stimulate red blood cell production and regulate sodium ion levels
E)   production of water from oxygen and bicarbonate ions (HCO3) F) A) and C)
G) B) and D)

Question 4

Nutrient molecules are taken back into the blood from the urinary filtrate by means of

Accepted Answer

A)   tubular reabsorption.
B)   tubular secretion.
C)   osmosis.
D)   glomerular filtration.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 5

Although there is no connection between the female urinary and reproductive tracts, there is a connection in males because

Accepted Answer

A)   urine is produced in the nephrons and sperm is produced in the ureters. Both then pass through the urethra to exit the body.
B)   urine is produced in the kidneys, but passes through the seminal vesicles for further absorption of water.
C)   both urine and sperm pass through the ureters, which then leads to the urethra.
D)   urine is voided from the body through the urethra and the urethra carries sperm during ejaculation.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 6

Which of the following excretory structures is used by birds?

Accepted Answer

A)   urethra
B)   cloaca
C)   nephridia
D)   flame cellsE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a nitrogenous waste product produced by the excretory systems of animals?

Accepted Answer

A)   ammonia
B)   urea
C)   uric acid
D)   bile pigmentsE) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

The overall effect of renin release will be to

Accepted Answer

A)   lower blood pressure.
B)   lower blood volume.
C)   decrease hydrogen ion excretion and decrease sodium and bicarbonate ion absorption.
D)   inhibit aldosterone secretion.
E)   increase blood volume and pressure.F) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 9

Selective reabsorption of glucose and amino acids occur in the ____ of the nephron.

Accepted Answer

A)   glomerulus
B)   distal convoluted tubule
C)   proximal convoluted tubule
D)   collecting duct
E)   loop of the nephron (loop of Henle) F) D) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 10

The human kidney has an outer cortex, an inner medulla, and a renal pelvis that collects and stores urine before it leaves the kidney.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

What is the path of an excreted water molecule as it moves from the glomerulus to collecting duct?

Accepted Answer

A)   loop of nephron-glomerular capsule-proximal convoluted tubule-distal convoluted tubule-collecting duct
B)   glomerular capsule-proximal convoluted tubule-loop of nephron-distal convoluted tubule-collecting duct
C)   distal convoluted tubule-glomerular capsule-proximal convoluted tubule-loop of nephron--collecting duct
D)   proximal convoluted tubule-glomerular capsule-loop of nephron-distal convoluted tubule-collecting duct
E)   glomerular capsule-proximal convoluted tubule-distal convoluted tubule-loop of nephron-collecting ductF) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 12

The urinary bladder is useful because it

Accepted Answer

A)   helps with defecation.
B)   is a place where white cells attack bacteria.
C)   stores urine to prevent constant urination.
D)   transports urine to the outside of the body.
E)   filters wastes and recycles nutrients back into the bloodstream.F) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 13

A very highly soluble nitrogenous waste, excreted into water by bony fishes, aquatic invertebrates, and aquatic amphibians is

Accepted Answer

A)   urea.
B)   uric acid.
C)   amino acid.
D)   ammonia.
E)   uracil.F) D) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 14

Which group has the highest concentration of urea in their body fluids?

Accepted Answer

A)   marine bony fishes
B)   freshwater bony fishes
C)   cartilaginous fishes
D)   reptiles
E)   birdsF) All of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the glomerulus is INCORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)   Blood pressure primarily accounts for filtration.
B)   Small molecules move from the glomerular (Bowman's)  capsule into the glomerulus.
C)   It is composed of capillaries.
D)   It is connected to arterioles at both ends.
E)   It is surrounded by the glomerular (Bowman's)  capsule.F) A) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 16

The concentration of protein in the blood is higher in post-glomerular blood as compared with that in arterial blood because

Accepted Answer

A)   protein is digested and then concentrated in glomerular (Bowman's)  capsule.
B)   the kidney manufactures and then stores protein in the glomerulus.
C)   reabsorption of protein occurs.
D)   water passes into the capsule, but protein molecules are too large to move into the capsule and are concentrated in the blood.
E)   water concentration increases and protein concentrations decrease.F) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 17

Nitrogenous wastes are primarily produced by

Accepted Answer

A)   production of nucleic acids.
B)   breakdown of amino acids.
C)   breakdown of fats.
D)   breakdown of carbohydrates.
E)   production of proteins.F) All of the above
G) C) and E)

Question 18

When people have health issues associated with their kidneys doctors may prescribe diuretic drugs. Why would someone with high blood pressure be prescribed these drugs?

Accepted Answer

A)   Diuretic drugs decrease urine flow and the more fluid and watery blood is easier to pump.
B)   Diuretic drugs increase urine flow and decrease the blood volume that must be pumped.
C)   Diuretic drugs decrease urine flow and the kidney does not have to work as hard.
D)   Diuretic drugs increase urine flow and the loss of nitrogenous wastes helps the heart.
E)   Diuretic drugs increase urine flow and salt loss and salt was bad for the heart.F) B) and C)
G) D) and E)

Question 19

Excretion is a process in which ____ is (are)  removed from the body.

Accepted Answer

A)   water
B)   salt
C)   feces
D)   metabolic wastes
E)   hormonesF) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 20

If the ureter was blocked due to the development of a tumor preventing the normal flow of urine, which region of the kidney would be impacted first?

Accepted Answer

A)   collecting duct
B)   renal cortex
C)   distal convoluted tubule
D)   proximal convoluted tubule
E)   glomerular capsuleF) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Exam 36: Body Fluid Regulation and Excretory Systems

Selective reabsorption of glucose and amino acids occur in the ____ of the nephron.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nutrient molecules are taken back into the blood from the urinary filtrate by means of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The urinary bladder is useful because it

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Patients with diabetes mellitus have frequent urination and increased thirst because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a nitrogenous waste product produced by the excretory systems of animals?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the ureter was blocked due to the development of a tumor preventing the normal flow of urine, which region of the kidney would be impacted first?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A very highly soluble nitrogenous waste, excreted into water by bony fishes, aquatic invertebrates, and aquatic amphibians is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The concentration of protein in the blood is higher in post-glomerular blood as compared with that in arterial blood because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Glucose is found in glomerular filtrate but NOT in the urine because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about the glomerulus is INCORRECT?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nitrogenous wastes are primarily produced by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following excretory structures is used by birds?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although there is no connection between the female urinary and reproductive tracts, there is a connection in males because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is NOT a function of the kidneys?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which group has the highest concentration of urea in their body fluids?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The human kidney has an outer cortex, an inner medulla, and a renal pelvis that collects and stores urine before it leaves the kidney.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The overall effect of renin release will be to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the path of an excreted water molecule as it moves from the glomerulus to collecting duct?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When people have health issues associated with their kidneys doctors may prescribe diuretic drugs. Why would someone with high blood pressure be prescribed these drugs?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Excretion is a process in which ____ is (are) removed from the body.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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