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Only conscious processing of information is involved in higher-order mental functions.

A) True
B) False

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The medial pathway of the indirect motor pathway consists of three groups of tracts.The one that helps to regulate muscular activity that helps maintain balance during sitting,standing,and walking is the


A) reticulospinal tract.
B) tectospinal tract.
C) vestibulospinal tract.

D) None of the above
E) A) and B)

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A lesion in the brain that results in an inability of a person to recognize or understand the meaning of sounds or words would most likely be located in the


A) occipital lobe.
B) frontal lobe.
C) temporal lobe.
D) insula.
E) parietal lobe.

F) D) and E)
G) C) and E)

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Higher-order mental functions include all of the following except


A) consciousness.
B) learning.
C) memory.
D) reflex actions.
E) reasoning.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Which somatic motor pathway is responsible for voluntary control of muscle activity?


A) Direct pathway
B) Indirect pathway

C) A) and B)
D) undefined

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  -This figure shows regions of the brain that participate in the control of somatic motor activities.What feature does number 4 indicate? A) Primary motor cortex B) Motor association areas C) Pontine nuclei of the indirect system D) Pyramidal system E) Lower motor neurons -This figure shows regions of the brain that participate in the control of somatic motor activities.What feature does number 4 indicate?


A) Primary motor cortex
B) Motor association areas
C) Pontine nuclei of the indirect system
D) Pyramidal system
E) Lower motor neurons

F) B) and C)
G) None of the above

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In order to assess voluntary movements,messages from proprioceptors in skeletal muscles and joints are forwarded to the


A) basal nuclei.
B) primary cortex.
C) brainstem.
D) corpus callosum.
E) cerebellum.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

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What are petalias?


A) Areas of thickening in the spinal cord
B) Thinner areas in the corpus callosum
C) Shape asymmetry in the frontal or occipital lobes of the brain
D) Areas of crossing over that occur between the two hemispheres
E) Concentrations of ganglia in the posterior thalamic hemisphere

F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

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Damage to the cortical region of the representational hemisphere can cause dull,emotionless speech.This condition is called


A) dyslexia.
B) ataxia.
C) hemiballismus.
D) agnosia.
E) aprosody.

F) B) and C)
G) All of the above

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The right and left hemispheres remain in constant communication primarily through commissures in the


A) hypothalamus.
B) pons.
C) medulla oblongata.
D) pituitary.
E) corpus callosum.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

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