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Some plants are not photosynthetic and must depend upon bacteria in their root nodules for nutrients.

A) True
B) False

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Some scientists predict that the Earth will lose almost all of its topsoil by the middle of the next century.What factors are involved in the erosion of soil?


A) deforestation
B) desertization
C) poor farming practices
D) All of the above factors cause erosion.

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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Researchers discover that guard cells of the lady slipper orchid lack chloroplasts; yet the guard cells regularly open and close.


A) Supports both Hypothesis I and II.
B) Supports only Hypothesis I.
C) Supports only Hypothesis II.
D) Supports neither hypothesis.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Phytoremediation is the use of a plants ability to uptake minerals in order to remove pollutants from the environment.

A) True
B) False

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Which term describes the forcing out of water at the surface of a plant's leaves?


A) water stress
B) atmospheric pressure
C) root pressure
D) guttation
E) transpiration

F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

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Entry of mineral ions into the xylem is regulated by cells of the cortex.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following hypothesis is supported by the fact that cells of wilting leaves produce abscisic acid,which causes guard cells to close?


A) Supports both Hypothesis I and II.
B) Supports only Hypothesis I.
C) Supports only Hypothesis II.
D) Supports neither hypothesis.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Evaporation of water through the stomata of leaves is


A) guttation.
B) respiration.
C) transpiration.
D) photosynthesis.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Which statement is NOT true about stomata?


A) As guard cells become turgid,the stomates open.
B) There are two guard cells around each stomate.
C) Guard cells take up potassium ions and water enters the guard cells.
D) The blue light component of sunlight is a signal that can cause stomata to close.
E) Stomates open and close on a daily basis,even if kept in the dark,on a circadian rhythm.

F) None of the above
G) B) and D)

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What is the main factor that will determine whether or not water can enter the root cells?


A) A lower osmotic pressure in the root tissues than the soil solution
B) Type of plant cells that are exposed to the water
C) Volume of water available
D) A higher osmotic pressure in the root tissues than the soil solution

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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Which statement is NOT true about root adaptations in plants?


A) Some plants have very poorly developed roots or none at all.
B) Fungal mycorrhizae depend on plants for the fungus's supply of water and minerals.
C) Some plants,including orchids,require the presence of fungal symbionts to survive.
D) Parasitic plants have root adaptations called haustoria that draw nutrients from the host.
E) Bacteria of the genus Rhizobium live in root nodules in legumes,producing available nitrogen that the plant uses.

F) B) and C)
G) None of the above

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The degree of erosion in the United States is best described by the following statement.


A) There is a set amount of soil that was originally formed and erosion continually removes some of it; therefore we will one day run out of topsoil due to erosion.
B) Soil forms at generally the same rate as soil erodes,so there is an overall balance just as worldwide precipitation equals evaporation; it is just not evenly spread across the landscape.
C) Soil is eroding faster than it is being formed on about one-third of all cropland.
D) Removal of trees helps build up topsoil and prevents erosion.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

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