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The study of similarities and differences among consumers in two or more nations or societies is referred to as


A) market synthesis.
B) cross-cultural analysis.
C) international sociographics.
D) transnational anthropology.
E) multicultural ethnocentrism.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

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The Japanese manufacture tractors for rice paddies.They are smaller than most U.S.tractors and perfect for a weekend farmer who wants to tend to a small garden.The tractors are not sold in the United States through any authorized channels,yet they are available in the United States at prices below the manufacturer's suggested retail price.These Japanese tractors are being sold


A) through the gray market.
B) under the table.
C) over the counter.
D) with bypassed global channels.
E) by breaking the distribution monopoly.

F) None of the above
G) D) and E)

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One global perspective on world trade views exports and imports as complementary economic flows.Explain this concept.

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A country's imports affect its exports a...

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Chrysler Corp.wanted to sell its Jeeps in Japan.The car was priced in U.S.dollars at about $19,000,but when it reached the Japanese car showrooms,its price was over 3,100,000 Japanese yen,and the Japanese could not afford to buy it.Its price was set without regard for the


A) balance of price.
B) currency exchange rate.
C) reciprocity price.
D) balance of payments.
E) balance of trade.

F) C) and E)
G) B) and D)

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B

U.S.citizens pay $5 billion more annually for shoes and Japanese citizens pay $6 billion more for rice than the actual cost of the products because


A) both countries have suffered major financial crises due to a severe trade imbalance.
B) both countries have imposed tariffs on imported goods to protect their domestic markets.
C) both countries have imposed limits on the quantity of these goods that can leave their respective domestic markets.
D) both products are considered essentials and as a result are more heavily taxed.
E) these products were purchased at a lower price from nations that currently are under governmental sanctions.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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The Economic Espionage Act


A) allows the World Court in The Hague to adjudicate trade disputes on behalf of UN members and requires the home country to impose any penalties.
B) imposes a personal fine on a convicted U.S. citizen of up to $10 million.
C) targets espionage activities that are commonplace in any industry that holds governmental contracts.
D) makes the theft of trade secrets by foreign entities a federal crime in the United States.
E) is well-intended in theory, but is virtually impossible to enforce.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Canada has two official languages,which are


A) English and Japanese.
B) English and Spanish.
C) English and French.
D) English and Italian.
E) English and German.

F) A) and C)
G) C) and E)

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Cross-cultural analysis refers to the study of


A) the subgroups within the larger, or national, culture with unique values, ideas, and attitudes.
B) the set of values, ideas, and attitudes that are learned and shared among the consumers of a country.
C) the similarities and differences among consumers in two or more nations or societies.
D) the buying behaviors within a given nation to identify similarities and differences among individuals.
E) the buying behaviors within a given nation that link a person's actions to the cultural group with which he or she identifies most.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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A global market entry strategy that entails a domestic firm actually investing in and owning a foreign subsidiary or division is referred to as


A) licensing.
B) local assembly.
C) a joint venture.
D) direct investment.
E) local manufacturing.

F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

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Because different cultures often attach different meanings to things,these representations of ideas are referred to as


A) accepted symbols.
B) cultural symbols.
C) symbolic concepts.
D) ideological representations.
E) cultural representations.

F) A) and D)
G) C) and E)

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Assessing the political and regulatory climate for marketing in a country or region of the world means not only identifying the current environment but also determining how


A) it conducts its macrofinancing.
B) its citizens budget their money.
C) long a favorable or unfavorable climate will last.
D) the country's stocks are performing on the stock exchange.
E) its population ranks in size compared to other countries.

F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

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Countertrade refers to


A) the illegal agreement of one country to buy products exclusively from another.
B) the legal agreement of one country to buy and sell certain products exclusively from one another.
C) the practice of using barter rather than money for making global sales.
D) the sale of industrial goods from a brick and mortar outlet rather than directly from the manufacturer.
E) the use of foreign currency in making global purchases to minimize risk from currency fluctuation.

F) B) and C)
G) C) and E)

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The prominent global market entry strategy among small- and medium-sized companies is


A) direct exporting.
B) direct franchising.
C) licensing.
D) joint venture.
E) direct investment.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

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Before Apple's iPhone 6 was officially for sale in China,it was being sold there.These phones were purchased in the United States,Hong Kong,and other markets,and then resold by unauthorized vendors in China for between $1,700 and $2 ,500.These products are considered to be part of


A) under-the-counter sales.
B) over-the-counter sales.
C) the gray market.
D) integrated global channels.
E) breaking the distribution monopoly.

F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

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Tiffany & Co.knows that Japanese are superstitious about the number four.As a result,Tiffany sells its fine glassware and china in sets of five,not four,in Japan.Tiffany uses its knowledge of __________ to avoid connecting its products with the number four.


A) trademarks
B) visual icons
C) cultural symbols
D) brand names
E) ethnic emblems

F) D) and E)
G) A) and D)

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In Japan,women give men chocolates on Valentine's Day.This is an example of


A) a custom.
B) a value.
C) a demographic pattern.
D) a belief.
E) an idiosyncrasy.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

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A

A quota refers to


A) a government tax on products or services entering a country that primarily serves to raise prices on imports.
B) government payments to companies or industries that serve to lower costs and provide a competitive advantage to domestic industries.
C) a restriction placed on the amount of a product allowed to enter or leave a country.
D) a minimum requirement for the purchase of specific products or services between two nations.
E) a refusal to purchase or exchange products or services with another nation unless certain financial or ideological requirements have been satisfied.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

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Which of the following countries is the world's leading exporter?


A) United States
B) China
C) India
D) Germany
E) Japan

F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

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The use of __________ as a tool for exchanging goods,services,and information on a global scale is one of the trends that has affected world trade.


A) buying centers
B) Internet technology
C) language translators
D) tariff and quota policies
E) multinational marketing strategies

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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B

KFC in Japan altered the sweetness of its coleslaw to appeal to Japanese tastes.This is an example of which type of global marketing product and promotion strategy?


A) product extension
B) product adaptation
C) product customization
D) product invention
E) product integration

F) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

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