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Which of the following statements is true about the impact of teratogens?


A) Very few fetuses are exposed to teratogens,so it is easy to determine which teratogen causes which defect.
B) Fetuses are safe from the effects of teratogens during the first trimester.
C) Teratogens cause anatomical defects only after organogenesis is complete.
D) Exposure to teratogens does more damage when it occurs at some points in development than at others.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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The _____ provides an environment that is temperature and humidity controlled,as well as shockproof.


A) placental wall
B) pericardial fluid
C) umbilical cord
D) amniotic fluid

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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By the end of the _____,contractions dilate the cervix to an opening of about 10 centimeters (four inches) ,so that the baby can move from the uterus to the birth canal.


A) second trimester
B) second birth stage
C) third trimester
D) first birth stage

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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What is AIDS? Describe the modes and effects of transmission from the mother to the child.

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AIDS is a sexually transmitted infection...

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Explain the four important phases of brain development.

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The four important phases of brain devel...

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Sidra has a baby that was born at 27 weeks.Her baby is considered a(n) :


A) very preterm infant.
B) moderately preterm infant.
C) mildly preterm infant.
D) extremely preterm infant.

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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Describe the effect of alcohol on pregnancy.What is FAS? What are some of the problems children with FAS face?

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Heavy drinking by pregnant women can be ...

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The outermost layer of the embryo is called the:


A) mesoderm.
B) cytoderm.
C) endoderm.
D) ectoderm.

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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In assessing the health of newborns,the _____ identifies high-risk infants who need resuscitation.


A) Rogers-Randall Assessment
B) Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale
C) Wechsler Infant Intelligence Scale
D) Apgar Scale

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Brenda's baby was born just minutes ago,and the doctor is checking the baby's heart rate,respiratory effort,body color,reflex irritability,and muscle tone.Brenda's baby is being tested with the:


A) Apgar Scale.
B) preterm outcome test.
C) Rogers-Randall Assessment.
D) Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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When a mother has active genital herpes,about _____ of children who are delivered through the infected birth canal become brain damaged.


A) one-third
B) one-fourth
C) one-half
D) one-tenth

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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The most common treatment for heroin addiction,methadone,is associated with:


A) very low birth weight in newborns.
B) very severe withdrawal symptoms in newborns.
C) lower intelligence in children.
D) lower quality of reflexes at one month of age.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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According to recent research,which of the following risks is linked to heavy drinking by a pregnant mother?


A) Lower birth weight
B) Withdrawal symptoms
C) Lower quality reflexes at one month of age
D) Facial deformities,lower than average intelligence,and deficiencies in working memory

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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Describe the three main periods of prenatal development,and the major steps for developing into a person for each stage.

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Typical prenatal development can be divi...

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A teratogen is any agent that can cause:


A) organogenesis.
B) birth defects.
C) fetal movement.
D) maternal back pain.

E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Identify the formation of a close connection,especially a physical bond,between parents and their newborn in the period shortly after birth.

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During which period of development is the unborn baby most at risk of developing a structural defect due to the effects of a teratogen?


A) At conception
B) During the germinal period
C) During the embryonic period
D) During the fetal period

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Bronwyn is interested in using non-medical techniques to assist her in dealing with pain during childbirth.Based on the text and class discussion,what are the two best options available to her and why?

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Some new nonmedicated techniqu...

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_____ occurs when a single sperm cell from the male unites with an ovum (egg) in the female's fallopian tube in a process called fertilization.


A) Ovulation
B) Meiosis
C) Conception
D) Mitosis

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Typical prenatal development lasts between:


A) 38 to 40 weeks.
B) 24 to 30 weeks.
C) 28 to 33 weeks.
D) 20 to 28 weeks.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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