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A) are infrequently nominated as someone's best friend and are actively disliked by their peers.
B) are infrequently nominated as a best friend,but are not disliked by their peers.
C) receive an average number of both positive and negative nominations from their peers.
D) are frequently nominated as a best friend and are rarely disliked by their peers.

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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Distinguish between the constructivist and direct instruction approaches to student learning.

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The constructivist approach is a learner...

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During the elementary years,a child's self-understanding includes increasing reference to all of the following EXCEPT:


A) psychological characteristics.
B) social comparison.
C) social aspects.
D) physical characteristics.

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Which of the following is NOT a function of childhood friendships?


A) Companionship
B) Cultural regulation
C) Social comparison
D) Intimacy/affection

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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According to a recent study,which of the following is NOT true regarding observations on bullying?


A) Overweight and obese children are often bullied.
B) Girls and younger high school students were most likely to be affected by bullying.
C) Those who did the bullying were more likely to have low grades.
D) Anxious,socially withdrawn,and aggressive children are often the victims of bullying.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following statements about stepfamilies is NOT true?


A) The largest number of stepfamilies is preceded by death of a spouse.
B) In stepmother families,the father usually has custody of his children.
C) In stepfather families,the mother usually has custody of her children.
D) In blended families,both parents bring children from previous marriages to the newly formed stepfamily.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Keith is trying to help his son,Judd,deal with the devastating floods that left 40,000 people in the Midwest homeless.Judd's mother and two sisters were among those who lost their homes and all of their belongings.A strategy that Keith should NOT implement is to:


A) allow his son to tell and retell the details of the event.
B) encourage his son to talk about his nightmares.
C) allow his child to watch repeated news footage of the tragedy.
D) reassure his son that this type of tragedy is rare,and that he is safe.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Gavin is rarely nominated as a best friend,but his peers don't dislike him.He would be classified as a _____ child.


A) controversial
B) rejected
C) neglected
D) average

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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Mr.Trahan teaches English from a constructivist approach to learning.In his classroom,it is least likely that the students will be:


A) working in groups to discover the meaning of a poem.
B) developing a script for a play that they will perform for the school.
C) memorizing the names of all of Shakespeare's plays.
D) going on a field trip to the theater,and then writing about their experiences as a class.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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Males report experiencing and expressing more _____ than do females.


A) joy
B) fear
C) anger
D) shame

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Erica,who has two children,marries Wayne-who has a daughter from his previous marriage.After the union,their family will be considered a _____ stepfamily.


A) complex
B) segregated
C) simple
D) mixed

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following is NOT true of self-regulation?


A) It is linked to developmental advances in the brain's prefrontal cortex.
B) It is characterized by deliberate efforts to manage one's behavior.
C) It leads to increased social competence and achievement.
D) It is characterized by an eagerness to perform challenging tasks.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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_____ is characterized by self-disclosure and the sharing of private thoughts.


A) Ego support
B) Intimacy in friendships
C) Physical support
D) Social comparison

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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While researching the reasons for the large cross-cultural differences,Stevenson and his colleagues observed that more than _____ of total classroom time in the first grade was spent on math instruction in Japan,compared with only _____ of the time in the U.S.first-grade classrooms.


A) one-fourth; one-tenth
B) three-fourth; two-third
C) half; two-third
D) one-third; one-fourth

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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Identify the social cognitive theorist who stated that self-efficacy is a critical factor in whether or not students achieve.

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Which of the following statements is true about Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development?


A) Most people in Western cultures achieve the highest stages of moral development by adulthood.
B) In some cultures,high levels of moral reasoning derive from different values than those that form the basis of Lawrence Kohlberg's claims.
C) Kohlberg's theory does not stress the importance of justice,but instead focuses more on the prevention of suffering of others.
D) Kohlberg's theory captures the essence of moral thinking in all cultures; thus,it is culturally unbiased.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Define self-efficacy.How do children with low self-efficacy for learning differ from children having high self-efficacy for learning?

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Self-efficacy is the belief that one can...

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According to Sandra Bem,which of the following is correct?


A) Androgynous individuals are more mentally healthy than their masculine or feminine counterparts.
B) Gender-role classification is context-neutral.
C) In close relationships,androgynous orientations are not desirable.
D) Androgynous individuals are less flexible than their masculine or feminine counterparts.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Fernando doesn't cut in line,raises his hand in class before talking,and stops his car at stop signs on the road.He focuses on conventional rules that have been established by social consensus in order to control behavior and maintain the social system.Which of the following BEST describes Fernando's reasoning?


A) Prosocial reasoning
B) Social order reasoning
C) Social consensus reasoning
D) Social conventional reasoning

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Mrs.Collins is a teacher who needs to develop a strategy for improving relations among ethnically diverse students.List some strategies that she may employ to obtain positive results.

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*Turn the class into a jigsaw classroom
...

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