Question 1

Describe the different patterns of aggression between males and females.

Accepted Answer

Males engage in more aggression overall ...

Question 2

_____ is also called self-worth or self-image.

Accepted Answer

A)  Self-control
B)  Self-esteem
C)  Self-efficacy
D)  Self-conceptE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 3

Johnny says he likes his best friend,Andy,because Andy is fun and talks about interesting things.Johnny also says that Andy encourages him to do his best and comforts him when he fails.Which of the following functions of children's friendships is Johnny describing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stimulation and ego support
B)  Companionship and social comparison
C)  Physical support and intimacy/affection
D)  Social comparison and intimacy/affectionE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 4

Carol Gilligan has criticized Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development because:

Accepted Answer

A)  it is based on a male norm that puts abstract principles above relationships.
B)  it does not recognize higher-level moral reasoning in certain cultural groups.
C)  Kohlberg underestimated the contribution of family relationships to moral development.
D)  it places too much emphasis on moral thought and not enough emphasis on moral behavior.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 5

Broad categories that reflect general impressions and beliefs about males and females,such as "boys play with trucks and girls play with dolls," are known as gender:

Accepted Answer

A)  identities.
B)  constancies.
C)  stereotypes.
D)  roles.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

_____ children give out reinforcements,listen carefully,maintain open lines of communication with peers,are happy,control their negative emotions,act like themselves,show enthusiasm and concern for others,and are self-confident without being conceited.

Accepted Answer

A)  Rejected
B)  Controversial
C)  Average
D)  PopularE) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 7

Karen believes that her qualities and learning abilities cannot change no matter how much effort she gives.Therefore,she has decided not to try at all and let her grades plummet.According to Carol Dweck,which of the following BEST describes Karen's mindset?

Accepted Answer

A)  Variable
B)  Apathetic
C)  Fixed
D)  GrowthE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

Kathryn Kerns and her colleagues have found that during the middle and late childhood years,_____ is associated with a lower level of internalized symptoms,anxiety,and depression in children.

Accepted Answer

A)  sense of industry
B)  insecure attachment
C)  secure attachment
D)  sense of inferiorityE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 9

_____ is at work in perspective taking.

Accepted Answer

A)  Transitivity
B)  Gender typing
C)  Executive functioning
D)  SeriationE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 10

In terms of gender differences,the advantage in reading for girls over boys has been found

Accepted Answer

A)  only in several states.
B)  only in the United States.
C)  specifically in China.
D)  in every country.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 11

What is the result of the public and government demand for increased accountability from schools?

Accepted Answer

A)  The spread of state-mandated tests to measure just what students had or had not learned
B)  The inclusion of government evaluators for academic curricula
C)  The separation of academic responsibilities into private coaching and government assessment
D)  The inclusion of new legislation for assessment of teaching and supporting staff in schoolsE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

During the elementary years,a child's self-understanding includes increasing reference to all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychological characteristics
B)  Social comparison
C)  Social aspects
D)  Physical characteristicsE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 13

The use of Common Core Standards and mandatory standardized testing in each state was implemented to assess a school's:

Accepted Answer

A)  accountability.
B)  motivation.
C)  enthusiasm.
D)  physical safety.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

_____ children are frequently nominated both as a best friend and as being disliked.

Accepted Answer

A)  Controversial
B)  Average
C)  Neglected
D)  RejectedE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

_____ is the belief that "I can"; helplessness is the belief that "I cannot."

Accepted Answer

A)  Self-esteem
B)  Self-awareness
C)  Self-concept
D)  Self-efficacyE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 16

This social cognitive theorist states that self-efficacy is a critical factor in whether or not students achieve.

Accepted Answer

The answer of This social cognitive theorist states that self-efficacy...

Question 17

Moral rules are widely accepted,somewhat impersonal,and:

Accepted Answer

A)  arbitrary.
B)  obligatory.
C)  only applicable to certain individuals.
D)  subject to change by social consensus.E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE of Dale Schunk's findings about students with high self-efficacy?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are less likely than students with low self-efficacy to expend effort on learning tasks.
B)  They have an "I cannot" attitude and frequently experience helplessness.
C)  They persist longer at learning tasks than students with low self-efficacy.
D)  They avoid learning tasks,especially those that are challenging.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 19

A peer status held by children who are infrequently nominated as a best friend and are actively disliked by peers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A peer status held by children who...

Question 20

In one analysis,_____ percent of children in stepfamilies show adjustment problems.

Accepted Answer

A)  50
B)  40
C)  25
D)  20E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Exam 8: Socioemotional Development in Middle and Late Childhood

_____ is at work in perspective taking.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During the elementary years,a child's self-understanding includes increasing reference to all of the following EXCEPT:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ children are frequently nominated both as a best friend and as being disliked.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Carol Gilligan has criticized Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development because:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the result of the public and government demand for increased accountability from schools?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In terms of gender differences,the advantage in reading for girls over boys has been found

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The use of Common Core Standards and mandatory standardized testing in each state was implemented to assess a school's:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Kathryn Kerns and her colleagues have found that during the middle and late childhood years,_____ is associated with a lower level of internalized symptoms,anxiety,and depression in children.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ is the belief that "I can"; helplessness is the belief that "I cannot."

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Moral rules are widely accepted,somewhat impersonal,and:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ is also called self-worth or self-image.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In one analysis,_____ percent of children in stepfamilies show adjustment problems.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Karen believes that her qualities and learning abilities cannot change no matter how much effort she gives.Therefore,she has decided not to try at all and let her grades plummet.According to Carol Dweck,which of the following BEST describes Karen's mindset?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Broad categories that reflect general impressions and beliefs about males and females,such as "boys play with trucks and girls play with dolls," are known as gender:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Johnny says he likes his best friend,Andy,because Andy is fun and talks about interesting things.Johnny also says that Andy encourages him to do his best and comforts him when he fails.Which of the following functions of children's friendships is Johnny describing?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A peer status held by children who are infrequently nominated as a best friend and are actively disliked by peers.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the different patterns of aggression between males and females.

Correct AnswerverifiedMales engage in more aggression overall ...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following is TRUE of Dale Schunk's findings about students with high self-efficacy?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ children give out reinforcements,listen carefully,maintain open lines of communication with peers,are happy,control their negative emotions,act like themselves,show enthusiasm and concern for others,and are self-confident without being conceited.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

This social cognitive theorist states that self-efficacy is a critical factor in whether or not students achieve.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Males engage in more aggression overall ...
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