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How has the administrative and political distance between Canada,Mexico,and the United States been reduced?


A) by adopting similar national cultures
B) by lowering the disparities between their per capita incomes
C) by establishing the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
D) by reducing their linguistic differences

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Emirates,Etihad Airlines,and Qatar Airways are a threat to U.S.legacy carriers because they offer


A) higher quality for lower costs for international routes.
B) higher quality for similar costs for U.S domestic routes.
C) similar quality for lower costs for international routes.
D) similar quality for lower costs for U.S domestic routes.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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SmallWorld Inc.is a global Internet company that offers country-specific variations of its sites,keeping in mind the linguistic and religious differences between the countries.SmallWorld Inc.is most likely doing this to


A) reduce its geographical distance from the other countries.
B) increase its administrative distance from the other countries.
C) increase its economic distance from the other countries.
D) reduce its cultural distance from the other countries.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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ChocoNuts Inc.produces an inexpensive candy bar that is well tailored for the tastes of U.S.consumers.However,it has failed to satisfy the consumer preferences of its host country,Japan.Which of the following categories has ChocoNuts performed poorly in?


A) cost-reduction
B) local-responsiveness
C) global-standardization
D) transnational strategy

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following is a feature of the Globalization 2.0 stage?


A) Huge investments in fiber-optic cable networks around the world enabled companies to operate as global-collaboration networks.
B) Only sales and distribution operations took place overseas, while all the important business functions were located in the home country.
C) Two-way knowledge flow between the local subsidiaries and their U.S. headquarters was strong.
D) Multinational enterprises (MNEs) began to create smaller, self-contained replicas of themselves in a few key countries.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following is one of the features of an international strategy?


A) It is characterized by limited local responsiveness.
B) It is one of the newest types of global strategies.
C) It is characterized by cost-leadership as a preferred business strategy.
D) It is often used successfully by firms with relatively small domestic markets.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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In which of the following situations is pursuing an international strategy advisable?


A) when a firm manufactures products related to national and religious identity
B) when a firm operates in an industry where the pressure to keep the costs low is extremely high
C) when a firm wants to be perceived as a domestic company by the host-country consumers
D) when a firm enjoys a large domestic market, strong reputation, and brand name

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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A(n) _____ strategy arises out of the combination of high pressure for local responsiveness and high pressure for cost reductions.


A) transnational
B) multidomestic
C) international
D) global-standardization

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following products are generally manufactured by multinational enterprises (MNEs) pursuing a global-standardization strategy?


A) products with a high value-to-weight ratios like luxury goods
B) commodity products like computer hardware
C) consumer products related to national and/or religious identity like food
D) products that carry country-specific quality associations like wine

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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Evara Cosmetics Inc.is a company that operates in 20 countries around the globe.The company clearly understands that the skin and hair type of customers varies from one country to another.Consequently,its products are customized to suit local needs and preferences of customers,even though the costs incurred while producing these products are exceptionally high.This strategy helps the company behave as a local firm in a foreign market.In this scenario,which of the following strategies does Evara Cosmetics Inc.most likely implement?


A) a multidomestic strategy
B) an international strategy
C) a global-standardization strategy
D) a one-product strategy

E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

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