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Regionalization is most important because it permits companies to organize their activities based upon


A) physical distance between the home country and the foreign country.
B) the extrinsic distance between the home country and the foreign country.
C) the true distance between the home country offer and the foreign country.
D) shareholder expectations.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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C

Industries in which proportionally more value is added in __________ activities are more likely to benefit from a global strategy.


A) downstream
B) upstream
C) marketing
D) sales

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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L'Oreal acquired two U.S. firms that developed and sold hair care products to African-American customers. This permitted it to build a new ethnic hair care division in Europe and Africa. This represents an advantage of international expansion using ____________.


A) arbitrage
B) optimization of the location of value-chain activities
C) performance enhancement
D) learning opportunities

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Central and South America are not part of a natural regional bloc because they only share language, religion, and colonization history.

A) True
B) False

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If a company is considering optimizing the physical location for every activity in the value chain, which of the following is not a possible strategic advantage for that decision?


A) Performance enhancement
B) Cost reduction
C) Political risk reduction
D) Life-cycle enhancement

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Which one of the following is not a Western hemisphere trade bloc?


A) NAFTA
B) MERCOSUR
C) ASEAN
D) Latin American Integration Association

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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C

Emerging markets are growing slower than developed markets, thus shifting the structure of the global economy.

A) True
B) False

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In considering the transnational strategy, Nestle evaluates the limits of decentralization. The closer they are to the consumer in activities such as branding and pricing, the more then tend to decentralize. The more they deal with production and logistics, the more they centralize decision-making. The production and logistics decisions involve _______ activities.


A) upstream
B) in its infrastructure
C) downstream
D) midstream

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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The factor endowments of a country are inherited and cannot be created.

A) True
B) False

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Which one of the following is one of the Theodore Levitt assumptions supporting a pure global strategy?


A) Consumers are willing to pay more for specific product features.
B) Customer needs and interests are becoming more dissimilar.
C) MNCs can successfully compete globally by aggressively pricing products at the sacrifice of product features.
D) If the world markets are treated as heterogeneous, substantial economies of scale are easily achieved.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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A firm can establish a wholly owned subsidiary by


A) acquiring an existing company in the home country.
B) keeping all of the activity offshore.
C) licensing intellectual property.
D) entering into a franchising agreement.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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When firms expand into global markets, they are faced with the choice of reducing costs and/or adapting to the local market. When high pressures exist to adapt locally, companies should choose a(n) __________ or __________ in order to compete in the global marketplace.


A) global strategy; transnational strategy
B) global strategy: multidomestic strategy
C) international strategy; global strategy
D) transnational strategy; multidomestic strategy

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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Globalization opens the doors for companies to attract new customers. One of the challenges is to determine how to meet the needs of these customers who have


A) different income levels.
B) low income levels.
C) high income levels.
D) steady income levels.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following describes the most typical order of entry into foreign markets?


A) franchising, licensing, exporting, joint venture, and wholly owned subsidiary
B) exporting, franchising, licensing, joint venture, and wholly owned subsidiary
C) licensing, exporting, franchising, joint venture, and wholly owned subsidiary
D) exporting, licensing, franchising, joint venture, and wholly owned subsidiary

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Within a worldwide market, the most effective strategies are neither purely multidomestic nor purely global.

A) True
B) False

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According to the textbook, globalization involves international exchange. Included in this exchange is trade in goods and services as well as the exchange of __________, __________, and _________ across countries.


A) habits; values; ideas
B) traditions; legal systems; history
C) money; ideas; information
D) statistics; personnel; purchasing power

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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C

Which of the following is not a risk normally associated with Bottom of the Pyramid strategies?


A) A low-end version of a brand may detract from the overall brand attractiveness.
B) The new low-cost products they develop may cannibalize the sales of their core products.
C) Entrenched competitors can impact the ability of the new firm to enter the market successfully.
D) New products may be perceived as exploiting the privileged customer with substandard products.

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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To be responsive to local pressures, companies must ____________ their offerings and strategies from country to country to reflect local consumer preferences.


A) internationalize
B) globalize
C) differentiate
D) standardize

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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In considering the decision to offshore, which of the following generally is not one of the hidden costs?


A) Total wage costs and indirect costs
B) Wage deflation
C) Reduction in intellectual property rights
D) Increased inventory and coordination costs

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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The World Bank publishes the Euromoney magazine Country Risk Rating semiannual report. In the text, the January 2013 sampling of these ratings indicates that Norway is the best country in which to invest in terms of its expected level of risk based on the evaluation of its political, economic and structural risks and debt indicators and access to capital.

A) True
B) False

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