A) illegal and irresponsible.
B) impossible,but it happened frequently in the distant past.
C) infrequent but possible;it happened more often in the distant past.
D) much more frequent than in the distant past.
E) only possible if they are in the same family of organisms,such as lions and tigers.
G) All of the above
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A) that is the major cause of polyploidy.
B) that is a primary cause of some types of birth defects.
C) that is a major cause of divergence and speciation.
D) that is a primary cause of some types of cancer in somatic cells.
F) B) and C)
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A) Synteny refers to the conservation of gene order along chromosomes.
B) Synteny refers to the constancy of chromosome numbers in related clades.
C) Synteny results from polyploidization events.
D) Synteny refers to the rearrangement of gene order due to inversions.
E) Synteny is only observed in closely related clades.
G) A) and B)
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A) Jumping of transposons is most common in the first few generations following a polyploidization event.
B) Genome size in plants is largely determined by polyploidization events.
C) Genome downsizing following allopolyploidy usually affects the participating hybrids unequally.
D) Genome downsizing following allopolyploidy results mainly from duplicate gene loss.
E) The genomes of some current crop plants show evidence of multiple polyploidization events.
G) D) and E)
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A) to lose function in subsequent mutation.
B) to improve function in subsequent mutation.
C) to gain a new function in subsequent mutation.
D) to become a pseudogene.
E) to become part of a gene family.
G) A) and C)
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A) there are vast differences.
B) they are about 50% alike.
C) they are about 80% alike.
D) there is less than 1% difference.
E) they are identical,the differences are in the RNA sequences.
G) A) and C)
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A) the mutation rate differs in different species.
B) exposure to radiation and mutagens differs in different species.
C) the generation time differs in different species.
D) selection pressures vary in different species.
E) gene flow differs in different species.
G) All of the above
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A) Duplicate genes can lose their ancestral function through subsequent mutation.
B) Duplicate genes can gain a derived function through subsequent mutation.
C) Duplicate genes can share the ancestral function of the original gene.
D) Gene duplication is most likely to occur in growth and development genes,immune system genes,and cell-surface receptor genes.
E) Duplicate genes usually share the same pattern of gene expression.
G) All of the above
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A) looking at the allelic differences.
B) investigating the introns.
C) looking at the conserved sequences.
D) exchanging genomic information between them.
F) C) and D)
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A) Conserved sequences important to the genetic basis of a human disease are most easily detected by comparison to closely related genomes.
B) The genomes of the mammalian relatives of humans are the best targets for discovering new treatments for human diseases.
C) Comparing the genomes of parasite and host is likely to reveal good drug targets to eliminate the parasite without harming the host.
D) A comparison of mouse and human genomes would help reveal functions for previously unidentified human genes.
E) A comparison of human and pufferfish genomes would help observed DNA sequences that were preserved over long periods of timE.
G) All of the above
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A) Little genetic divergence has occurred since chimps and humans shared a common ancestor.
B) Except for about 1% of their genomes,chimp and human genes are identical.
C) Using microarrays to detect mRNA transcribed from known human genes,it was possible to show that almost identical transcription patterns existed in the brains of both chimp and human.
D) The extra chromosome found in the other great apes contains few novel genes not present in the human genome.
F) A) and C)
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