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__________ are helper and inducer cells.


A) B cells
B) Macrophages
C) Plasma cells
D) T cells
E) Monocytes

F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Which part of the antibody molecule determines its role in the immune response?


A) two arms of the Y
B) disulfide chains
C) the heavy chains
D) the stem of the Y
E) the entire molecule

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Which of the following regarding antigens is true?


A) A large antigen is likely to have many different epitopes,each of which can stimulate a distinct immune response.
B) An antigen is a molecule which promotes a general immune response.
C) Bacteria do not contain antigens.
D) Antigens can only be recognized by their specificity.
E) The most effective antigens are small simple amino acid complexes.

F) A) and C)
G) D) and E)

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All of the following are defense mechanisms employed by vertebrates except


A) specific antibodies.
B) negative test,as in,not finding self-markers.
C) skin and mucous membranes as barriers.
D) positive test to recognize presence of nonself-markers.
E) change in chromosomal composition.

F) All of the above
G) C) and E)

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The cell-mediated immune response is brought about by


A) B cells.
B) T cells.
C) erythrocytes.
D) fibroblasts.
E) lysozymes.

F) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

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The procedure of injecting a harmless microbe in order to confer resistance to a dangerous one is called


A) vaccination.
B) immunity.
C) antibody modification.
D) interferon activation.
E) immunoglobulin synthesis.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

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In the humoral response,B cells produce plasma cells,which in turn produce large quantities of


A) agglutinations that are specific for foreign antigens.
B) interferons specific for foreign antigens.
C) immunoglobulins specific for foreign antigens.
D) antibodies specific for foreign antigens.
E) macrophages specific for foreign antigens.

F) B) and C)
G) C) and E)

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Histamine and prostaglandins are called


A) immunoglobulins.
B) antibodies.
C) inflammatory agents.
D) allergic agents.
E) pyrogens.

F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

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Nonself molecules called antigens cause the vertebrate system to produce proteins known as


A) interferons.
B) antibodies.
C) complements.
D) immunoglobulins.
E) phagocytes.

F) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

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When a "new" antigen first challenges the immune system,if the primary immune response produces B cells,what are the fates of those B cells? I-Some of the B cells become plasma cells that secrete antibodies. II-Some of the B cells become memory cells and can produce a swifter response if the body encounters that particular antigen again. III-Some of the B cells secrete chemicals called pyrogens that travel to the brain inducing a fever.


A) just II
B) just I
C) II and III
D) I and II
E) I,II,and III

F) All of the above
G) C) and D)

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When a person is tested for HIV,if _______ to the HIV are present the test is called positive.


A) bacteria
B) antigens
C) antibodies
D) T-cells
E) natural killer cells

F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

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C

Which is the major form of antibody in external secretions?


A) IgM
B) IgG
C) IgD
D) IgA
E) IgE

F) All of the above
G) B) and E)

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In acquired immunologic tolerance


A) there is the lack of an immunological response against self.
B) grafts of foreign tissue are rejected in the adult.
C) foreign tissue introduced into the embryo is not recognized as nonself.
D) embryos are implanted with immunosuppressive tissue.
E) embryos are implanted with bone from the mother.

F) D) and E)
G) None of the above

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C

MHC-II cell surface proteins are only found in


A) macrophages,B cells,and CD4+ cells.
B) erythrocytes.
C) acidophils.
D) neutrophils.
E) neutrophils and macrophages.

F) D) and E)
G) B) and D)

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T cells and B cells possess immune _______ that can recognize specific antigens.


A) detectors
B) receptors
C) inducers
D) precursors

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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B

Which is a treatment for autoimmune disease? I-administration of corticosteroids II-administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs III-aspirin


A) I only
B) II only
C) II and III
D) I and II
E) I,II,and III

F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

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Which of the following is not a part of the normal humoral immune response?


A) IgM is produced first.
B) It activates the complement system.
C) IgA is secreted in external secretions like saliva.
D) IgG antibodies are produceD.
E) It promotes phagocytosis.

F) None of the above
G) B) and D)

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Which of the following blood types should not be given to a young female with type AB Rh- blood?


A) B Rh- blood
B) AB Rh- blood
C) O Rh- blood
D) A Rh- blood
E) AB Rh+ blood

F) A) and D)
G) D) and E)

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is not a nonspecific defense of the vertebrate system?


A) cells that ingest invading microbes
B) antimicrobial proteins that kill pathogens
C) immunoglobulin synthesis
D) the inflammatory response
E) the temperature response

F) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Which of the following mechanisms is not used to expel foreign pathogens?


A) producing antibodies
B) urination
C) sneezing
D) coughing
E) vomiting

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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