Question 1

Which part of the juxtamedullary nephron is responsible for establishing the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney

Accepted Answer

A)  loop of Henle
B)  afferent arteriole
C)  collecting duct
D)  juxtaglomerular apparatusE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 2

Match the chemicals, .labelled a. through f., with their correct characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) 
-secreted by the adrenal cortex

Accepted Answer

A)  renin
B)  angiotensinogen
C)  angiotensin I
D)  angiotensin II
E)  aldosteroneF) atrial natriuretic peptideG) D) and F)
H) A) and B)

Question 3

The receptor sites for vasopressin binding are located on the basolateral border, yet the end result is an increase in H₂O
a.permeability of the luminal border of the tubular cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

If the plasma concentration of substance X is 200 mg/100 mL and the GFR is 125 mL/min, the filtered load of this substance is ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If the plasma concentration of substance X...

Question 5

Which of these statements does NOT describe water reabsorption

Accepted Answer

A)  It occurs passively by osmosis in the proximal tubule.
B)  It is under the control of vasopressin in the distal and collecting tubules.
C)  It occurs by active transport in the distal and collecting tubules.
D)  It occurs passively in the descending limb of loop of Henle.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 6

Tubular ____________________ and tubular ____________________ are selective processes that occur in the nephron.

Accepted Answer

reabsorpti...

Question 7

The average rate of urine formation is 1 mL/min.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Match the substances, labelled a. through f., with the processes listed.
-filtered and secreted, but not reabsorbed

Accepted Answer

A)  K⁺
B)  glucose
C)  inulin
D)  plasma protein
E)  ureaF) H⁺G) A) and D)
H) A) and F)

Question 9

What happens to tubular secretion when the extracellular fluid becomes too acidic

Accepted Answer

A)  No ionic substance is affected.
B)  Hydrogen ions decrease.
C)  Hydrogen ions increase.
D)  Sodium ions decrease.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

Match the urinary system features, labelled a. through e., with the correct characteristics.
-reabsorbed when H⁺ is secreted

Accepted Answer

A)  urea
B)  creatinine
C)  uric acid
D)  Na+
E)  glucoseF) A) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 11

In active reabsorption, all of the steps involved in transepithelial transport are active.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys

Accepted Answer

A)  to act directly on the interstitial fluid, the fluid that bathes the cells, to maintain constancy in its composition
B)  to contribute significantly to long-term regulation of arterial blood pressure by maintaining the proper plasma volume
C)  to excrete metabolic waste products
D)  to assist in maintaining the proper acid-base balance of the bodyE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

Match the renal structures or activities with the correct characteristics, labelled a. through p.
-peritubular capillary

Accepted Answer

A)  collecting tubules empty into this structure
B)  stores the urine
C)  passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen
D)  carries blood to the glomerulus
E)  tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrateF) passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsuleG) urine is forced through this structure by peristalsisH) collects the glomerular filtrateI) passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillariesJ) functional unit of the kidneyK) supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrientsL) carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary networkM) tube through which urine leaves the bodyN) variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal controlO) responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidneyP) glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur hereQ) C) and D)
R) A) and M)

Question 14

Twenty-five percent of the cardiac output goes to the kidneys because of their tremendous nutrient requirement for the active transport of Na⁺.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Match the chemicals, .labelled a. through f., with their correct characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) 
-inhibits Na⁺ reabsorption by the renal tubules

Accepted Answer

A)  renin
B)  angiotensinogen
C)  angiotensin I
D)  angiotensin II
E)  aldosteroneF) atrial natriuretic peptideG) C) and F)
H) E) and F)

Question 16

Which of these statements describes why tubular secretion is important

Accepted Answer

A)  It is involved in the renal regulation of hydrogen ion concentration.
B)  It is for the elimination of metabolic waste products from the body.
C)  It is in the renal regulation of sodium balance.
D)  It is for glucose secretion.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 17

Match the renal structures or activities with the correct characteristics, labelled a. through p.
-renal pelvis

Accepted Answer

A)  collecting tubules empty into this structure
B)  stores the urine
C)  passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen
D)  carries blood to the glomerulus
E)  tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrateF) passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsuleG) urine is forced through this structure by peristalsisH) collects the glomerular filtrateI) passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillariesJ) functional unit of the kidneyK) supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrientsL) carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary networkM) tube through which urine leaves the bodyN) variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal controlO) responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidneyP) glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur hereQ) G) and P)
R) A) and O)

Question 18

Autoregulation of the GFR is accomplished by activation of the sympathetic nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which of these statements describes the renal threshold

Accepted Answer

A)  It is the maximum amount of a particular substance that can be excreted in the urine per unit of time.
B)  It is the maximum amount of a particular substance that the tubular cells are capable of actively reabsorbing per unit of time.
C)  It is the plasma concentration of a particular substance at which its Tm is reached and the substance first appears in the urine.
D)  It is the maximum amount of waste product that can be concentrated in the urine per unit of time.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

The glomerular capillary wall contains filtration slits formed by the clefts between the foot processes of adjacent podocytes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 13: The Urinary System

Match the chemicals, .labelled a. through f., with their correct characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -secreted by the adrenal cortex

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the plasma concentration of substance X is 200 mg/100 mL and the GFR is 125 mL/min, the filtered load of this substance is ____________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The average rate of urine formation is 1 mL/min.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In active reabsorption, all of the steps involved in transepithelial transport are active.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The glomerular capillary wall contains filtration slits formed by the clefts between the foot processes of adjacent podocytes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the substances, labelled a. through f., with the processes listed. -filtered and secreted, but not reabsorbed

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these statements does NOT describe water reabsorption

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the chemicals, .labelled a. through f., with their correct characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -inhibits Na⁺ reabsorption by the renal tubules

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What happens to tubular secretion when the extracellular fluid becomes too acidic

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Autoregulation of the GFR is accomplished by activation of the sympathetic nervous system.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Tubular ____________________ and tubular ____________________ are selective processes that occur in the nephron.

Correct Answerverifiedreabsorpti...View AnswerShow Answer

Match the urinary system features, labelled a. through e., with the correct characteristics. -reabsorbed when H⁺ is secreted

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The receptor sites for vasopressin binding are located on the basolateral border, yet the end result is an increase in H₂O a.permeability of the luminal border of the tubular cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these statements describes the renal threshold

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the renal structures or activities with the correct characteristics, labelled a. through p. -peritubular capillary

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Twenty-five percent of the cardiac output goes to the kidneys because of their tremendous nutrient requirement for the active transport of Na⁺.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the renal structures or activities with the correct characteristics, labelled a. through p. -renal pelvis

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which part of the juxtamedullary nephron is responsible for establishing the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these statements describes why tubular secretion is important

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Tubular and tubular are selective processes that occur in the nephron.

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reabsorpti...
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