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The pursuit of both differentiation and low cost at the same time in a way that creates a leap in value for both the firm and consumers is called


A) cost driving.
B) cost innovation.
C) value driving.
D) value innovation.

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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When wireless service providers offer free or discounted mobile phones for subscriptions to their wireless voice and data service, the perceived value of the service offering increases. In this case, the value driver would be


A) economies of scale.
B) learning-curve effects.
C) experience-curve effects.
D) availability of complements.

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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Combining economies of learning with the existing production technology allows a firm to


A) move up a given experience curve.
B) move down a given learning curve.
C) jump to a less steeper learning curve.
D) jump to a flatter experience curve.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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What are the key questions managers must answer to formulate an appropriate business-level strategy?

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Business-level strategy details the goal...

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Differentiation and cost leadership strategies are only effective in manufacturing industries.

A) True
B) False

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The goal of the differentiator is to have a smaller value gap than competitors.

A) True
B) False

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When Simple Semiconductors was operating at the minimum efficient scale of 10,000-12,000 units per month, the firm's cost per unit was $45. However, when the output level was increased beyond 12,000 units, the cost per unit increased to $47. This increase was attributed to the wear-and-tear of the machinery, and complexities of managing and coordinating. What is this phenomenon known as?


A) minimum efficient scale
B) diseconomies of scale
C) experience curve effect
D) learning-curve effect

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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When a firm combines experience based learning and process innovation, the firm


A) jumps to a steeper learning curve.
B) experiences an increase in per-unit cost.
C) loses its competitive advantage.
D) moves down the existing learning curve.

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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A differentiation strategy works best when a


A) firm has tangible resources, its focus of competition shifts to price, and equivalent substitutes are readily available.
B) firm's focus of competition shifts to price, and when increasing differentiation of product features do not create additional value.
C) firm's differentiated products are commoditized, and costs of providing uniqueness do not rise above the customer's willingness to pay.
D) firm has intangible resources, is able to pass on increases in supplier cost to the customer, and its differentiation appeal creates customer loyalty.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following examples uses a focused differentiation strategy?


A) a tennis pro shop that sells low-quality racquets priced at 150 dollars per racquet
B) a coffee shop that offers mediocre lattes at a price of five dollars for a small latte
C) a hotel chain that offers high-quality furnishings and service with room rates of under 75 dollars per night
D) a cosmetics brand that offers superior skin lotion for sensitive skin priced at 100 dollars per bottle

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Gilroy Crackers enjoys a competitive advantage as a cost leader because high demand for its products has allowed it to operate at the minimum efficient scale. Which of the following scenarios would be most concerning to the managers of Gilroy Crackers?


A) Gilroy's leading competitor develops a new low-sodium product.
B) Gilroy's most reliable production worker takes a job in another industry.
C) A major winter storm shuts down Gilroy's production for several days.
D) A wheat shortage raises input costs across the industry.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Which of the following is a firm effect that has an impact on the competitive advantage of a firm?


A) the exit barriers within the industry in which the firm operates
B) the number of companies operating in the industry in which the firm operates
C) the intensity of rivalry among existing companies in the firm's chosen industry
D) the value and the cost position of the firm relative to its competitors

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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A cost leader is the firm most likely to survive a price war.

A) True
B) False

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When a firm operates at the minimum efficient scale, there is still opportunity for it to further reduce its cost per unit through economies of scale.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following best describes a strategic trade-off?


A) the tension between innovation and keeping manufacturing costs down
B) the tension between maintaining both high-quality products and service
C) the tension between value creation and the pressure to keep costs in check
D) the tension between raising prices and keeping a loyal clientele

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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What does it mean for a firm to have an 80 percent learning curve?


A) Every time the cumulative output increases by 80 percent, the cost per unit will decline by 20 percent.
B) Every time the cumulative output is doubled, the cost per unit will decline by 80 percent.
C) Every time the cumulative output goes up by 20 percent, the cost per unit will decline by 80 percent.
D) Every time the cumulative output is doubled, the cost per unit will decline by 20 percent.

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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Which of the following sources of differential appeal is least effective in helping a firm sustain its advantage?


A) reputation for innovation
B) reputation for quality
C) superior customer experience
D) observable product features

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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Thomas is the owner of a landscaping company that caters to a very wealthy clientele. His company has struggled to differentiate itself from the other high-end landscapers in the area, but because he has hired several expensive but highly-qualified team members, Thomas is unable to shift to a cost leadership strategy. Which strategy is most likely to achieve a competitive advantage?


A) Offer similar services as competitors but raise prices to increase profits.
B) Lower prices but continue employing high-paid expert gardeners.
C) Narrow the scope of competition and focus on unique features such as the use of organic materials.
D) Maintain prices but replace all the expert employees with less-skilled workers to control costs.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Starfish Sodas has successfully achieved a competitive advantage in the soft drink industry as a differentiator. Which of the following scenarios would undermine Starfish's position?


A) Starfish improves the recipe for its most popular soda without increasing the price.
B) Starfish introduces a new biodegradable bottle that raises cost and perceived value.
C) Starfish's customers start to consider soda a commodity.
D) Starfish's product has not established an acceptable standard of quality.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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What is required for a blue ocean strategy to succeed?

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For a blue ocean strategy to succeed, ma...

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