Question 1

Animals that do not control internal water concentration also typically do not control the concentrations of ions like sodium and potassium.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The main reason sodium and potassium ions CANNOT easily diffuse through plasma membranes is

Accepted Answer

A)   these are large atoms and size prevents their diffusion through membranes.
B)   they have a high solubility in lipids.
C)   they have a low solubility in lipids.
D)   they have a high solubility in water.
E)   they have both a high solubility in water and a low solubility in lipids.F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 3

Which substances are reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule?

Accepted Answer

A)   K+ ions
B)   Na+ ions
C)   HCO3- ions
D)   glucose
E)   All of the choices for this question are correct.F) A) and C)
G) C) and E)

Question 4

The digestion and utilization of _______ creates the greatest need for nitrogenous waste secretion by the kidneys.

Accepted Answer

A)   protein
B)   starch
C)   fat
D)   oil
E)   simple sugarsF) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 5

Diabetes mellitus translates roughly as "copious urination" + "honey." This disease results from disorders of glucose uptake by systemic cells and can cause, among other symptoms, high levels of glucose in the blood and glucose appearing in the urine (this is what diastix measure) . Which of the following is a reasonable explanation of this observation?

Accepted Answer

A)   The reabsorption capacity of the kidney for glucose is exceeded.
B)   A lack of sodium in the filtrate blocks the function of the Na+/glucose symport protein.
C)   High levels of glucose interfere with ADH function.
D)   The high levels of glucose induce a "dehydrated" state that promotes production of a large amount of dilute urine.
E)   None of the choices given are a logical explanation for this observation.F) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 6

Sharks are osmoconformers, but have a rectal gland that is similar in function to the salt gland of sea birds and sea turtles. This is an adaptation to which of the following problems?

Accepted Answer

A)   loss of ions
B)   gain of ions
C)   loss of water
D)   gain of waterE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 7

An osmoconformer strategy is common to

Accepted Answer

A)   birds.
B)   fishes.
C)   insects.
D)   marine invertebrates.
E)   mammals.F) B) and C)
G) All of the above

Question 8

Transport of salts against their concentration gradients is energetically expensive.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 9

An animal that exhibits broad tolerance for changes in the salinity of its environment is said to be "euryhaline."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which of the following correctly describes the path of fluid as it is filtered from the blood and flows through the nephron?

Accepted Answer

A)   Bowman's capsule ? proximal convoluted tubule ? loop of Henle ? distal convoluted tubule ? collecting duct
B)   collecting duct ? Bowman's capsule ? proximal convoluted tubule ? loop of Henle ? distal convoluted tubule
C)   Bowman's capsule ? loop of Henle ? proximal convoluted tubule ? distal convoluted tubule ? collecting duct
D)   Bowman's capsule? distal convoluted tubule ? loop of Henle ? proximal convoluted tubule ? collecting duct
E)   collecting duct ? distal convoluted tubule ? loop of Henle ? proximal convoluted tubule ? Bowman's capsuleF) A) and C)
G) B) and C)

Question 11

Mammals such as the vampire bat have the ability to generate a urine with a concentration of approximately 3,600 millisomoles (mOsm) . If the concentration of their blood is approximately 300 mOsm, their water loss is ______ by producing a concentrated urine.

Accepted Answer

A)   reduced by approximately 11/12
B)   reduced by approximately ½
C)   actually increased by approximately ½
D)   reduced by approximately 5/6
E)   not reducedF) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 12

Freshwater flatworms have a _______ system that is primarily important in osmoregulation, so you would expect the urine in these tubules to have an osmolarity ____ the osmolarity of the body fluids.

Accepted Answer

A)   protonephridial, lower than
B)   protonephridial, higher than
C)   metanephridial, lower than
D)   metanephridial, higher than
E)   protonephridial, similar toF) D) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 13

You have a patient who complains of pain in his joints. You ask whether he drinks much water during the day and find out he does not. You therefore suspect conversion of his usual nitrogenous waste ___________ into __________, followed by deposition into his joints.

Accepted Answer

A)   ammonia, urea
B)   urea, ammonia
C)   uric acid, urea
D)   urea, uric acid
E)   uric acid, ammoniaF) None of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 14

An increase in the extracellular concentration of salts will cause body cells to ____ water and __.

Accepted Answer

A)   lose, shrink
B)   lose, swell
C)   gain, shrink
D)   gain, swell
E)   metabolize, heat upF) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 15

The materials in urine are ONLY those that are filtered from the blood or hemolymph and not reabsorbed by the body following filtration.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

You would expect water derived from the synthesis of ATP to be especially important for

Accepted Answer

A)   small desert dwelling animals.
B)   rain forest amphibians.
C)   arctic mammals.
D)   sea birds.
E)   marine mammals.F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 17

Water that organisms gain in the synthesis of ATP is termed ____ water.

Accepted Answer

A)   metabolic
B)   biochemical
C)   recovered
D)   condensation
E)   None of the choices for this question are correct.F) D) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 18

The primary disadvantage of an osmoregulator strategy is

Accepted Answer

A)   pumping ions into or out of the body is energetically expensive.
B)   pumping ions into or out of the body is not a significant energetic expense usually.
C)   keeping relatively constant internal conditions deprives the central nervous system of critical information about the environment.
D)   pumping water into or out of the body is energetically expensive.
E)   physiological systems do not typically perform well under relatively constant conditions.F) B) and C)
G) A) and C) A

Question 19

Which of the following correctly describes the path of urine from formation to excretion in the mammalian kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)   collecting duct ? renal pelvis ? ureter ? urinary bladder ? urethra
B)   renal pelvis ? ureter ? urinary bladder ? urethra ? collecting duct
C)   ureter ? collecting duct ? renal pelvis ? urinary bladder ? urethra
D)   collecting duct ? ureter ? urinary bladder ? renal pelvis ? urethra
E)   urethra ? collecting duct ? renal pelvis ? ureter ? urinary bladderF) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 20

Sodium and potassium ions can easily diffuse through the lipid bilayer of plasma membranes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Exam 49: Excretory Systems and Salt and Water Balance

Animals that do not control internal water concentration also typically do not control the concentrations of ions like sodium and potassium.

Correct Answer
verified

The main reason sodium and potassium ions CANNOT easily diffuse through plasma membranes is

Correct Answer
verified

Which substances are reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule?

Correct Answer
verified

The digestion and utilization of _______ creates the greatest need for nitrogenous waste secretion by the kidneys.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Sharks are osmoconformers, but have a rectal gland that is similar in function to the salt gland of sea birds and sea turtles. This is an adaptation to which of the following problems?

Correct Answer
verified

An osmoconformer strategy is common to

Correct Answer
verified

Transport of salts against their concentration gradients is energetically expensive.

Correct Answer
verified
True

An animal that exhibits broad tolerance for changes in the salinity of its environment is said to be "euryhaline."

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following correctly describes the path of fluid as it is filtered from the blood and flows through the nephron?

Correct Answer
verified

Mammals such as the vampire bat have the ability to generate a urine with a concentration of approximately 3,600 millisomoles (mOsm) . If the concentration of their blood is approximately 300 mOsm, their water loss is ______ by producing a concentrated urine.

Correct Answer
verified

Freshwater flatworms have a ___ system that is primarily important in osmoregulation, so you would expect the urine in these tubules to have an osmolarity the osmolarity of the body fluids.

Correct Answer
verified

You have a patient who complains of pain in his joints. You ask whether he drinks much water during the day and find out he does not. You therefore suspect conversion of his usual nitrogenous waste _ into , followed by deposition into his joints.

Correct Answer
verified

An increase in the extracellular concentration of salts will cause body cells to __ water and .

Correct Answer
verified

The materials in urine are ONLY those that are filtered from the blood or hemolymph and not reabsorbed by the body following filtration.

Correct Answer
verified

You would expect water derived from the synthesis of ATP to be especially important for

Correct Answer
verified

Water that organisms gain in the synthesis of ATP is termed ____ water.

Correct Answer
verified

The primary disadvantage of an osmoregulator strategy is

Correct Answer
verified
A

Which of the following correctly describes the path of urine from formation to excretion in the mammalian kidney?

Correct Answer
verified

Sodium and potassium ions can easily diffuse through the lipid bilayer of plasma membranes.

Correct Answer
verified
False

Exam 49: Excretory Systems and Salt and Water Balance

Animals that do not control internal water concentration also typically do not control the concentrations of ions like sodium and potassium.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The main reason sodium and potassium ions CANNOT easily diffuse through plasma membranes is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which substances are reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The digestion and utilization of _______ creates the greatest need for nitrogenous waste secretion by the kidneys.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sharks are osmoconformers, but have a rectal gland that is similar in function to the salt gland of sea birds and sea turtles. This is an adaptation to which of the following problems?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An osmoconformer strategy is common to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Transport of salts against their concentration gradients is energetically expensive.

Correct AnswerverifiedTrue

An animal that exhibits broad tolerance for changes in the salinity of its environment is said to be "euryhaline."

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following correctly describes the path of fluid as it is filtered from the blood and flows through the nephron?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mammals such as the vampire bat have the ability to generate a urine with a concentration of approximately 3,600 millisomoles (mOsm) . If the concentration of their blood is approximately 300 mOsm, their water loss is ______ by producing a concentrated urine.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Freshwater flatworms have a _______ system that is primarily important in osmoregulation, so you would expect the urine in these tubules to have an osmolarity ____ the osmolarity of the body fluids.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You have a patient who complains of pain in his joints. You ask whether he drinks much water during the day and find out he does not. You therefore suspect conversion of his usual nitrogenous waste ___________ into __________, followed by deposition into his joints.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An increase in the extracellular concentration of salts will cause body cells to ____ water and __.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The materials in urine are ONLY those that are filtered from the blood or hemolymph and not reabsorbed by the body following filtration.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You would expect water derived from the synthesis of ATP to be especially important for

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Water that organisms gain in the synthesis of ATP is termed ____ water.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The primary disadvantage of an osmoregulator strategy is

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Which of the following correctly describes the path of urine from formation to excretion in the mammalian kidney?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sodium and potassium ions can easily diffuse through the lipid bilayer of plasma membranes.

Correct AnswerverifiedFalse

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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True

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Freshwater flatworms have a ___ system that is primarily important in osmoregulation, so you would expect the urine in these tubules to have an osmolarity the osmolarity of the body fluids.

Correct Answer
verified

You have a patient who complains of pain in his joints. You ask whether he drinks much water during the day and find out he does not. You therefore suspect conversion of his usual nitrogenous waste _ into , followed by deposition into his joints.

Correct Answer
verified

An increase in the extracellular concentration of salts will cause body cells to __ water and .

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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A

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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False