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According to behavioral economists, self-control problems generally result from poor information.

A) True
B) False

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According to behavioral economists, self-control problems


A) are a rare aberration from rational decision making.
B) are often caused by time inconsistency.
C) can be easily overcome by providing decision makers with better information.
D) occur frequently but have no impact on the ability of neoclassical models to predict economic outcomes.

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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Parker's shares of stock in ACME Corporation lost $10 in value, but his shares in XYZ, Inc. gained $18. According to behavioral economics research, how would Parker feel as a result of these changes?


A) Parker would feel better off.
B) Parker would feel worse off.
C) Parker would feel about the same.
D) Behavioral economics research suggest that the intensity of losses versus gains follows no measurable pattern.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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One implication of the phenomenon described by economist Richard Easterlin as the "hedonic treadmill" is that


A) people who consume more goods and services are happier than those who consume less.
B) people can only become happier if their consumption continues rising indefinitely.
C) there is a threshold of consumption that one must cross before one can be happy.
D) we can combine the happiness of different individuals to get "total happiness."

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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According to behavioral economists, the human brain


A) makes most decisions based on careful calculation of benefits and costs.
B) uses evolutionary-developed heuristics to make many decisions.
C) only develops heuristics for decision making after the same decision has been made multiple times using a rational framework of comparing benefits and costs.
D) employs heuristics in decision making that are slow but generally error free.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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The neoclassical economists' "invisible hand" of the market is driven by people's


A) sense of fairness.
B) generosity.
C) self-interest.
D) time inconsistency.

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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Neoclassical economics assumes the following as major motivators of decisions and actions, except


A) utility maximization.
B) loss minimization.
C) sense of fairness.
D) self-interest.

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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According to behavioral economists, precommitments


A) help people overcome their self-control problems caused by time inconsistency.
B) do not fundamentally alter decisions because they do not change the benefits or costs of a particular action.
C) end up being more costly, as people regularly violate them and incur penalties.
D) overcome cognitive biases introduced by brain System 2.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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Neoclassical economics and behavioral economics both recognize that people make errors in their decision making.

A) True
B) False

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Heuristics can be exploited to lead people to positive outcomes.

A) True
B) False

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According to prospect theory, what strategy will firms typically employ with regard to pricing and packaging of their goods, when faced with rising production costs?


A) Firms will increase both package sizes and prices but will increase prices more to communicate to consumers that the product has greater value.
B) Firms will reduce package sizes but keep prices the same, thus increasing the per unit price of the good.
C) Firms will keep package sizes the same but lower prices and attempt to cover the higher costs with greater revenue.
D) According to prospect theory, the choice of strategy doesn't matter, as consumers are generally able to recognize price increases regardless of what form they take.

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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