Question 1

The zone of soil around roots of plants is called the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   ionosphere
B)   rhizosphere
C)   biosphere
D)   hydrosphere
E)   lithosphereF) B) and C)
G) None of the above

Question 2

Most of the organic sulfur is located in _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   nucleotides and nucleic acids
B)   monosaccharides and carbohydrates
C)   fatty acids and lipids
D)   amino acids and proteinsE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

The study of the practical uses of microbes in various industries and technologies is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   industrial microbiology
B)   bioengineering
C)   microbial ecology
D)   biotechnology
E)   applied microbiologyF) D) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 4

Considering the increase in tick-borne diseases in the context of "One Health," which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)   Lyme disease has spread from deer to humans upon increasing development of the forested environments usually inhabited by deer.
B)   Ticks carrying multiple pathogens reproduce at a slower rate, rendering them less likely to infect humans.
C)   Borrelia, Babesia, and Ehrlichia can rapidly adapt to changing insect vectors, thereby increasing their populations as they move from ticks to mosquitoes.
D)   Ticks carrying Borrelia are likely to encounter hosts already infected with Babesia or Ehrlichia, resulting in ticks that co-infect with multiple pathogens.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 5

The majority of Earth's water is found in ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   oceans
B)   soil moisture
C)   ground water
D)   icecaps and glaciers
E)   freshwater lakesF) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 6

You have been diagnosed with neurotoxic poisoning after having ingested an algal toxin, called brevetoxin, produced by Karenia brevis. In which food did you likely consume this?

Accepted Answer

A)   Oysters
B)   Tomatoes
C)   Canned tuna
D)   Freshwater troutE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 7

Which microorganism is considered phytoplankton?

Accepted Answer

A)   Nitrogen ?xing bacteria
B)   Sulfate reducers
C)   Cyanobacteria
D)   MycorrhizaeE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

Which of the following types of microbes is most likely to be found in the sediment of Lake Michigan?

Accepted Answer

A)   Anaerobes; oxygen is least abundant in the sediment layer
B)   Autotrophs; their carbon source is dissolved carbon dioxide
C)   Mesophiles; temperatures in the hypolimnion support growth in the 4-9°C range
D)   Cyanobacteria; seasonal upwelling of nutrients can cause dramatic increases in their numbersE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 9

The mutualistic partnership between plant roots and microbes is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   rhizopods
B)   mycorrhizae
C)   basidia
D)   hyphae
E)   lichensF) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 10

Nutrient deﬁcient aquatic ecosystems are called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   autotrophic
B)   oligotrophic
C)   eutrophic
D)   hypotrophic
E)   epitrophicF) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 11

Plastic marine debris was collected from multiple sites in the ocean and examined with electron microscopy and next-generation sequencing. These techniques revealed microbial communities growing on the plastics. Which of the following statements is correct regarding these communities?

Accepted Answer

A)   At least one member of the community must synthesize an enzyme to degrade the hydrocarbon comprising the plastic.
B)   There are no bacteriophage that use these microbes as hosts, as viruses are rare in marine ecosystems.
C)   The community within the plastic must be very similar to the community in the surrounding ocean waters.
D)   These communities are very likely to be pure cultures, as plastics have been synthesized precisely because they are resistant to microbial degradation.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 12

Which of the following statements regarding red tides is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)   Red tides result from an overgrowth of dinoﬂagellates.
B)   Toxins produced by dinoﬂagellates are skin irritants.
C)   Red tides are also known as harmful algal blooms (HABs) .
D)   Dinoﬂagellates produce a toxin that causes paralytic shellﬁsh poisoning.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 13

Which of the following organisms anaerobically reduces sulfates to hydrogen sulﬁde or metal sulﬁde?

Accepted Answer

A)   Nitrosococcus
B)   Desulfovibrio
C)   Thiobacillus thiooxidans
D)   Rhizobium
E)   Thiobacillus ferrooxidansF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 14

Vast numbers of microorganisms are being genetically characterized without culturing them in the laboratory today through ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   column chromatography
B)   metagenomic sequencing
C)   mass spectrometry and proteomics
D)   polymerase chain reactionE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

The conversion of nitrate (NO3-)  to nitrogen gas (N2)  is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   ammoniﬁcation
B)   nitriﬁcation
C)   denitriﬁcation
D)   nitrogen ﬁxation
E)   photosynthesisF) B) and C)
G) All of the above

Question 16

Looking at the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in livestock through the lens of "One Health," which of the following statements best describes the interrelationship of these components of the biosphere?

Accepted Answer

A)   Choosing a vegetarian lifestyle goes a long way to avoid risks associated with antibiotic- treated livestock.
B)   Spontaneous antibiotic resistance that arises in animals can be rapidly spread to humans who work on factory farms.
C)   The broad range of antibiotics available will provide widespread protection from pathogenic microbes.
D)   Livestock can be more susceptible to infectious diseases because of the energy required for such rapid growth.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

A collection of organisms, together with the physical and chemical factors in their environment, are called a/an ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   ecosystem
B)   lithosphere
C)   biosphere
D)   atmosphere
E)   hydrosphereF) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 18

You are preparing a garden and want to provide the best environment for your plants. Which of the following would you add to the potting soil?

Accepted Answer

A)   Sulfur oxidizers
B)   Mycorrhizae inoculant
C)   Bacteriophage
D)   Coliform bacteriaE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 19

Which of the following statements regarding biogeochemical cycles is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)   Elements cycle through biotic and abiotic environments.
B)   Recycling keeps nutrients in balance.
C)   All elements originate from a nonliving, long-term reservoir.
D)   All organisms directly participate in recycling.
E)   Cycles are simple systems between living and nonliving components.F) A) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 20

The combustion of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and gas, have contributed to the steady increase in atmospheric CO? gas over the last 25 years.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 24: Microbes and the Environment

Vast numbers of microorganisms are being genetically characterized without culturing them in the laboratory today through ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A collection of organisms, together with the physical and chemical factors in their environment, are called a/an ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The mutualistic partnership between plant roots and microbes is ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following types of microbes is most likely to be found in the sediment of Lake Michigan?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements regarding red tides is incorrect?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following organisms anaerobically reduces sulfates to hydrogen sulﬁde or metal sulﬁde?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Looking at the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in livestock through the lens of "One Health," which of the following statements best describes the interrelationship of these components of the biosphere?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The majority of Earth's water is found in ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nutrient deﬁcient aquatic ecosystems are called ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which microorganism is considered phytoplankton?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The combustion of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and gas, have contributed to the steady increase in atmospheric CO? gas over the last 25 years.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Considering the increase in tick-borne diseases in the context of "One Health," which of the following statements is correct?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The zone of soil around roots of plants is called the ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The conversion of nitrate (NO3-) to nitrogen gas (N2) is called ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You have been diagnosed with neurotoxic poisoning after having ingested an algal toxin, called brevetoxin, produced by Karenia brevis. In which food did you likely consume this?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most of the organic sulfur is located in _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You are preparing a garden and want to provide the best environment for your plants. Which of the following would you add to the potting soil?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements regarding biogeochemical cycles is incorrect?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Plastic marine debris was collected from multiple sites in the ocean and examined with electron microscopy and next-generation sequencing. These techniques revealed microbial communities growing on the plastics. Which of the following statements is correct regarding these communities?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The study of the practical uses of microbes in various industries and technologies is ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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