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In an experiment,the variable being measured that depends on the manipulation of another variable is called the _____ variable.


A) experimental
B) control
C) independent
D) dependent

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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A _____ is an integrated set of principles that can explain and predict observed events.


A) theory
B) hypothesis
C) fact
D) correlation

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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_____ explain and predict observed events while _____ are testable predictions.


A) Statements; theories
B) Theories; hypotheses
C) Hypotheses; theories
D) Correlations; experiments

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Regarding social psychological research,Myers warns that we must be cautious about


A) the use of random assignment.
B) inferring cause and effect from experiments.
C) the types of subjects used.
D) generalizing from the laboratory to life.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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The experimental factor that a researcher manipulates in a study is called the _____ variable.


A) control
B) independent
C) dependent
D) correlational

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Research done in natural,real-life settings outside the laboratory is referred to as


A) correlational research.
B) experimental research.
C) laboratory research.
D) field research.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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You are participating in a psychology research experiment,and the researcher invites you to return after the experiment to learn more about it and to explore your feelings about it.This is called


A) informed consent.
B) debriefing.
C) demand characterization.
D) experiment framing.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following statements is true about experimental research?


A) It excludes the process of debriefing the experiment to its participants.
B) It is effective when the focus is primarily on maintaining mundane realism.
C) It is a research method where all the variables in an experiment are controlled by the researcher.
D) It allows for random assignment of people in a research study.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following is a disadvantage of correlational research?


A) It involves important variables in natural settings.
B) It provides ambiguous interpretations of causes and effects.
C) It assists in reading newspapers and magazines.
D) It takes place in a laboratory.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The difference between facts and theories is that


A) facts explain theories.
B) theories explain facts.
C) facts are ideas.
D) theories are statements.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Deception in an experiment is


A) unethical.
B) always required.
C) to be used only if it is essential and justified.
D) useful in affecting subjects' willingness to participate.

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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You conduct a study that examines the role of exercise on depression alleviation.You assign the first 50 people who are motivated to sign up to the experimental group and the second group of 50 people,who sign up much later,to the control group.After one month,you find that the experimental group (who exercised three times a week on average) is significantly less depressed than the control group (who exercised one time a week on average) .Although you may be tempted to conclude that exercise helps stave off depression,you cannot because of a lack of _____ in your study.


A) random sampling
B) random assignment
C) random surveying
D) objectivity

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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In Boyatzis' (1995) study of the influence television has on aggressive behavior in children,the results indicated that the viewers of "Power Rangers" committed _____ aggressive acts per two-minute interval compared to those children who did not watch this program.


A) slightly less
B) significantly more
C) about the same number of
D) significantly less

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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What is an advantage of using correlational designs instead of experimental designs?


A) Results from experiments offer ambiguous interpretation of cause and effect.
B) Correlations allow psychologists to investigate variables in natural settings.
C) Experiments can only take place in laboratories.
D) Results from correlations can yield cause and effect relationships if evaluated in laboratory settings.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Ryan is conducting a research to study the ill effects of social media on people.He invites a group of students to a research facility and requests them to submit their laptops and phones.He requests them to terminate all forms of digital communication with their friends and peers.His participants complain that the simulated situation fails to mimic the real-world situation and most of them fail to cooperate with him for his research.Which of the following statements is true about Ryan's research?


A) The research most likely has a high degree of mundane realism.
B) The research fails to use random assignment.
C) The research most likely has a low degree of experimental realism.
D) The research fails to debrief the participants.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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A theory


A) is an agreed-upon statement.
B) summarizes and explains facts.
C) cannot be tested.
D) is less than fact.

E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

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The use of deception in social psychological research occurs when the researchers require _____ in their study.


A) realistic experimentation
B) televised reality
C) mundane realism
D) experimental realism

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Aaron wants to measure the changes in behavioral responses of his participants when he rewards a particular behavior and when he punishes an unwanted behavior.He wants his laboratory research to differ from the everyday situations that people usually encounter.He wants his participants to be fully involved in his research and requires them to act as naturally as they would in any real-world situation.Aaron is most likely interested in maintaining _____ in his experiments.


A) mundane realism
B) Platonic realism
C) experimental realism
D) metaphysical realism

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Correct Answer

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Studies that seek clues to cause-effect relationships by manipulating one or more factors while controlling others describe what type of research?


A) correlational research
B) experimental research
C) laboratory research
D) field research

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Theories help social psychologists _____ their observations and _____ their hypotheses.


A) test; organize
B) organize; test
C) objectify; refute
D) refute; objectify

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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