Question 1

While Larissa was looking through recent family photos she had printed, her two-year-old daughter pointed to her picture and said, "Me!" This shows that her daughter is developing:

Accepted Answer

A)   self-recognition.
B)   self-awareness.
C)   trust.
D)   temperament.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 2

The research on fathers as caregivers indicates that:

Accepted Answer

A)   the number of full-time stay-at-home fathers is decreasing.
B)   most are satisfied with their marriage.
C)   they are more likely to be ignored by other parents at the playground.
D)   more often excluded from parent groups.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 3

Trevor has clearly bonded with his mother, and at a recent family gathering he seemed to recognize family members he often interacts with. According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, Trevor is in _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   phase one
B)   phase two
C)   phase three
D)   phase fourE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

Babies have three types of cries. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

Accepted Answer

A)   The anger cry
B)   The hunger cry
C)   The pain cry
D)   The basic cryE) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 5

The United States currently allows up to _____ weeks of _____ leave for caring for a newborn.

Accepted Answer

A)   12; unpaid
B)   14; paid
C)   18; paid
D)   18; unpaidE) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 6

Mary often plays the game peek-a-boo with her baby. Initially, Mary covers her baby and then removes the cover, registering "surprise" at the baby's reappearance. After a time, her baby does the covering and uncovering. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)   object permanence.
B)   scaffolding.
C)   attachment.
D)   sociability.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 7

Which of the following statements is NOT true of crying?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is the most important mechanism newborns have for communicating with their world.
B)   The first cry verifies that the baby's lungs have filled with air.
C)   It provides information about the health of the newborn's central nervous system.
D)   Newborns do not respond to the crying of other babies.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

When people become parents through pregnancy, adoption, or stepparenting, they face _____ and must adapt.

Accepted Answer

A)   equilibrium
B)   disturbance
C)   disequilibrium
D)   symmetryE) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

In terms of infant social sophistication and insight, researchers have found that infants exhibit these characteristics:

Accepted Answer

A)   after their second birthday.
B)   only in familiar settings.
C)   much later than scholars originally believed.
D)   earlier than scholars originally believed.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 10

In the first six months infants show the emotions of:

Accepted Answer

A)   shame, interest, and sadness.
B)   embarrassment, guilt, and jealousy.
C)   jealousy, empathy, and shame.
D)   fear, anger, and joy.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 11

According to Erikson, establishing the lifelong expectation that the world will be a good and pleasant place starts with physical comfort and _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   sensitive care
B)   feeding
C)   imitation
D)   peer interactionsE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 12

Which of the following statements about emotions is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)   Emotions have exclusively a biological foundation.
B)   A caregiver's mental state, such as when depressed, is not a factor in a child's emotional development.
C)   Emotion-linked interactions are not associated with attachment.
D)   Children who are blind from birth show the same facial expressions as children who can view others' facial expressions.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

Infant Angela is frustrated. Her ability to wait longer to express her anger and possibly engage in a self-regulatory strategy, such as distraction, will depend on:

Accepted Answer

A)   her effortful control.
B)   her biological makeup.
C)   the peers she chooses.
D)   her intelligence level.E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

This is a form of reciprocal socialization in which parents time interactions in such a way that the infant experiences turn-taking with parents.

Accepted Answer

The answer of This is a form of reciprocal socialization...

Question 15

A study of mother-infant dyads from age seven months to two years found that maternal sensitivity and autonomy predicted:

Accepted Answer

A)   secure attachments.
B)   avoidant attachments.
C)   resistant attachments.
D)   disorganized attachments.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 16

When toddlers hear their parents quarreling, they

Accepted Answer

A)   often increase their level of play.
B)   often react with distress.
C)   are oblivious to what their parents are doing.
D)   smile more than usual.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

A study of four different cultures-Antiguan, Guatemalan, African Bushman, and Israeli Kibbutz-found that separation protest peaked at about age:

Accepted Answer

A)   2 to 3 years.
B)   4 to 6 months.
C)   13 to 15 months.
D)   5 to 6 years.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

Describe the unique physiological pattern found to be associated with an inhibited temperament. Explain why is it accurate or not to say that this physiological pattern determines future temperament.

Accepted Answer

The pattern is a high and stable heart r...

Question 19

_____ refers to the match between a child's temperament and the environmental demands the child must cope with.

Accepted Answer

A)   Social referencing
B)   Secure attachment
C)   Goodness of fit
D)   Reciprocal socializationE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 20

According to John Bowlby, at what age do infants/children begin to take into consideration the feelings of others before acting?

Accepted Answer

A)   Before six months
B)   Between 12 and 18 months
C)   Between 18 and 20 months
D)   24 monthsE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Exam 4: Socioemotional Development in Infancy

In terms of infant social sophistication and insight, researchers have found that infants exhibit these characteristics:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Trevor has clearly bonded with his mother, and at a recent family gathering he seemed to recognize family members he often interacts with. According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, Trevor is in _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to John Bowlby, at what age do infants/children begin to take into consideration the feelings of others before acting?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The research on fathers as caregivers indicates that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Infant Angela is frustrated. Her ability to wait longer to express her anger and possibly engage in a self-regulatory strategy, such as distraction, will depend on:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A study of mother-infant dyads from age seven months to two years found that maternal sensitivity and autonomy predicted:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about emotions is TRUE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When toddlers hear their parents quarreling, they

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ refers to the match between a child's temperament and the environmental demands the child must cope with.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Erikson, establishing the lifelong expectation that the world will be a good and pleasant place starts with physical comfort and _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The United States currently allows up to _____ weeks of _____ leave for caring for a newborn.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Babies have three types of cries. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When people become parents through pregnancy, adoption, or stepparenting, they face _____ and must adapt.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A study of four different cultures-Antiguan, Guatemalan, African Bushman, and Israeli Kibbutz-found that separation protest peaked at about age:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mary often plays the game peek-a-boo with her baby. Initially, Mary covers her baby and then removes the cover, registering "surprise" at the baby's reappearance. After a time, her baby does the covering and uncovering. This is an example of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the first six months infants show the emotions of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

This is a form of reciprocal socialization in which parents time interactions in such a way that the infant experiences turn-taking with parents.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

While Larissa was looking through recent family photos she had printed, her two-year-old daughter pointed to her picture and said, "Me!" This shows that her daughter is developing:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is NOT true of crying?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the unique physiological pattern found to be associated with an inhibited temperament. Explain why is it accurate or not to say that this physiological pattern determines future temperament.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe pattern is a high and stable heart r...View AnswerShow Answer

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The United States currently allows up to _ weeks of _ leave for caring for a newborn.

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The pattern is a high and stable heart r...
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