Question 1

In an ecosystem

Accepted Answer

A)  both energy and nutrients cycle.
B)  energy flows and nutrients cycle.
C)  energy cycles and nutrients flow.
D)  both energy and nutrients flow.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 2

In an aquatic ecosystem, a secondary carnivore is temporarily excluded and then, after a period of time, is returned.Which one of the following is NOT an expected top-down effect after it is returned?

Accepted Answer

A)  Primary carnivores become less abundant.
B)  Primary productivity increases.
C)  Algae decrease.
D)  Herbivores become more abundant.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 3

Energy enters most ecosystems by the process of

Accepted Answer

A)  biosynthesis.
B)  respiration.
C)  biogeochemical weathering.
D)  photosynthesis.E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

The honey possum (Tarsipes rostratus)  is a tiny Australian marsupial that feeds entirely on nectar.Which of the following terms describes the role of a honey possum in its ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

A)  herbivore
B)  primary producer
C)  primary carnivore
D)  secondary carnivoreE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 5

The rate of production of new biomass by heterotrophs is called

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary productivity.
B)  primary productivity.
C)  consumer productivity.
D)  gross productivity.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

The form of nitrogen most likely to be absorbed from the soil by plants is

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrogenous wastes.
B)  nucleic acids.
C)  nitrogen gas.
D)  nitrous oxide gas.
E)  nitrite/nitrate ions.F) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 7

A ____________ cycle is a cyclic path that involves both biological and chemical processes of an ecosystem.

Accepted Answer

A)  biogeochemical
B)  complete
C)  hydrological
D)  complementaryE) All of the above
F) B) and C) A

Question 8

Over tropical rainforest areas, approximately 90% of the water that reaches the atmosphere comes from

Accepted Answer

A)  animal metabolism.
B)  animal perspiration.
C)  plant transpiration.
D)  plant absorption.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 9

During the 1960s, a group of scientists in the northeastern United States conducted an experiment at Hubbard Brook, New Hampshire.A 38-acre watershed was completely deforested and the runoff (water flow)  monitored for several years.It was compared to an adjacent watershed that was left untouched.The scientists collected data during those years and found

Accepted Answer

A)  no difference in the amount of runoff from the two areas.
B)  an insignificant difference in the amount of nitrogen from the two areas.
C)  a tremendous increase in the total amount of runoff from Hubbard Brook although the loss of nitrogen was fairly consistent in both areas.
D)  a tremendous increase in the amount of runoff and nitrogen release from Hubbard Brook compared to the control.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 10

A Viceroy caterpillar feeds on a leaf.One day's feeding consumes 1000 calories worth of leaves.50% of the calories are lost in its feces and 33% of the calories are used in cellular respiration.How many calories of the original intake are available to add to the caterpillar's biomass each day?

Accepted Answer

A)  830 calories
B)  670 calories
C)  500 calories
D)  330 calories
E)  170 caloriesF) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 11

The tropics are known to have greater species diversity than the temperate zones.Which explanation for this phenomenon is the LEAST convincing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Seasonal variability is less in the tropics.
B)  Niches are narrower in the tropics.
C)  Fewer predators in the tropics allow more prey species to flourish.
D)  Greater spatial heterogeneity in the tropics creates more niches.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 12

Which one of the following factors would NOT influence the productivity of an ocean community?

Accepted Answer

A)  the presence of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria
B)  the season of the year
C)  levels of autotrophs
D)  fertilizer runoff
E)  the amount of rainfallF) A) and E)
G) A) and D) E

Question 13

A(n)  ________ is a permeable underground layer of rock, sand, and gravel saturated with groundwater.

Accepted Answer

A)  natural spring
B)  aquifer
C)  hot spring
D)  submergenceE) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 14

A wolf that feeds on moose and elk would be classified within which trophic level?

Accepted Answer

A)  herbivore
B)  primary producer
C)  primary carnivore
D)  secondary carnivoreE) A) and B)
F) None of the above C

Question 15

In a marine ecosystem with an inverted biomass pyramid, which trophic level should have the smallest number of organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  phytoplankton
B)  zooplankton
C)  primary carnivores (sardines) 
D)  secondary carnivores (tuna) E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 16

Only about ____ of the sunlight falling on plant leaves is captured by photosynthesis.

Accepted Answer

A)  1%
B)  10%
C)  25%
D)  50%E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

Vampire squid (Vampyroteuthisinfernalis)  are deep-sea cephalopods with features similar to both octopus and squid.Extensive video recordings show the diet of the vampire squid consists of items like crustacean remains and fecal pellets.Which of the following terms describes the position of the vampire squid in the deep-sea trophic pyramid?

Accepted Answer

A)  herbivore
B)  primary producer
C)  primary carnivore
D)  secondary carnivore
E)  detritivoreF) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

Question 18

In a food chain consisting of four trophic levels, if the energy present in the top level is 48 kcal/m2/yr, how much energy do you expect in herbivores? (Use an energy transfer rate of 10%.)

Accepted Answer

A)  4.8 kcal/m2/yr
B)  48 kcal/m2/yr
C)  480 kcal/m2/yr
D)  4,800 kcal/m2/yrE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

Which of the following atmospheric gas is changing the global climate?

Accepted Answer

A)  ozone
B)  water vapor
C)  carbon dioxide
D)  hydrogenE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Heterotrophs must obtain organic molecules that have been synthesized by

Accepted Answer

A)  biogeochemical cycles.
B)  bacteria.
C)  decomposers.
D)  autotrophs.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Exam 57: Dynamics of Ecosystems

In an ecosystem

Correct Answer
verified

In an aquatic ecosystem, a secondary carnivore is temporarily excluded and then, after a period of time, is returned.Which one of the following is NOT an expected top-down effect after it is returned?

Correct Answer
verified

Energy enters most ecosystems by the process of

Correct Answer
verified

The honey possum (Tarsipes rostratus) is a tiny Australian marsupial that feeds entirely on nectar.Which of the following terms describes the role of a honey possum in its ecosystem?

Correct Answer
verified

The rate of production of new biomass by heterotrophs is called

Correct Answer
verified

The form of nitrogen most likely to be absorbed from the soil by plants is

Correct Answer
verified

A ____________ cycle is a cyclic path that involves both biological and chemical processes of an ecosystem.

Correct Answer
verified
A

Over tropical rainforest areas, approximately 90% of the water that reaches the atmosphere comes from

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

A Viceroy caterpillar feeds on a leaf.One day's feeding consumes 1000 calories worth of leaves.50% of the calories are lost in its feces and 33% of the calories are used in cellular respiration.How many calories of the original intake are available to add to the caterpillar's biomass each day?

Correct Answer
verified

The tropics are known to have greater species diversity than the temperate zones.Which explanation for this phenomenon is the LEAST convincing?

Correct Answer
verified

Which one of the following factors would NOT influence the productivity of an ocean community?

Correct Answer
verified
E

A(n) ________ is a permeable underground layer of rock, sand, and gravel saturated with groundwater.

Correct Answer
verified

A wolf that feeds on moose and elk would be classified within which trophic level?

Correct Answer
verified
C

In a marine ecosystem with an inverted biomass pyramid, which trophic level should have the smallest number of organisms?

Correct Answer
verified

Only about ____ of the sunlight falling on plant leaves is captured by photosynthesis.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

In a food chain consisting of four trophic levels, if the energy present in the top level is 48 kcal/m2/yr, how much energy do you expect in herbivores? (Use an energy transfer rate of 10%.)

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following atmospheric gas is changing the global climate?

Correct Answer
verified

Heterotrophs must obtain organic molecules that have been synthesized by

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 57: Dynamics of Ecosystems

In an ecosystem

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In an aquatic ecosystem, a secondary carnivore is temporarily excluded and then, after a period of time, is returned.Which one of the following is NOT an expected top-down effect after it is returned?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Energy enters most ecosystems by the process of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The honey possum (Tarsipes rostratus) is a tiny Australian marsupial that feeds entirely on nectar.Which of the following terms describes the role of a honey possum in its ecosystem?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The rate of production of new biomass by heterotrophs is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The form of nitrogen most likely to be absorbed from the soil by plants is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A ____________ cycle is a cyclic path that involves both biological and chemical processes of an ecosystem.

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Over tropical rainforest areas, approximately 90% of the water that reaches the atmosphere comes from

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A Viceroy caterpillar feeds on a leaf.One day's feeding consumes 1000 calories worth of leaves.50% of the calories are lost in its feces and 33% of the calories are used in cellular respiration.How many calories of the original intake are available to add to the caterpillar's biomass each day?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The tropics are known to have greater species diversity than the temperate zones.Which explanation for this phenomenon is the LEAST convincing?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following factors would NOT influence the productivity of an ocean community?

Correct AnswerverifiedE

A(n) ________ is a permeable underground layer of rock, sand, and gravel saturated with groundwater.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A wolf that feeds on moose and elk would be classified within which trophic level?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

In a marine ecosystem with an inverted biomass pyramid, which trophic level should have the smallest number of organisms?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Only about ____ of the sunlight falling on plant leaves is captured by photosynthesis.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a food chain consisting of four trophic levels, if the energy present in the top level is 48 kcal/m2/yr, how much energy do you expect in herbivores? (Use an energy transfer rate of 10%.)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following atmospheric gas is changing the global climate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Heterotrophs must obtain organic molecules that have been synthesized by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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A

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E

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C

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