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It is believed that two carbon-12 nuclei can react in the core of a supergiant star to form sodium-23 and hydrogen-1. Calculate the energy released from this reaction for each mole of hydrogen formed. The masses of carbon-12, sodium-23, and hydrogen-1 are 12.0000 amu, 22.989767 amu, and 1.007825, respectively. It is believed that two carbon-12 nuclei can react in the core of a supergiant star to form sodium-23 and hydrogen-1. Calculate the energy released from this reaction for each mole of hydrogen formed. The masses of carbon-12, sodium-23, and hydrogen-1 are 12.0000 amu, 22.989767 amu, and 1.007825, respectively. A) 2.16 × 10<sup>14</sup> kJ B) 2.16 × 10<sup>11</sup> kJ C) 2.16 × 10<sup>8</sup> kJ D) 2.16 × 10<sup>5</sup> kJ E) None of these choices are correct.


A) 2.16 × 1014 kJ
B) 2.16 × 1011 kJ
C) 2.16 × 108 kJ
D) 2.16 × 105 kJ
E) None of these choices are correct.

F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

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Identify the missing species in the following nuclear transmutation. Identify the missing species in the following nuclear transmutation. A) B) C) D) E)


A) Identify the missing species in the following nuclear transmutation. A) B) C) D) E)
B) Identify the missing species in the following nuclear transmutation. A) B) C) D) E)
C) Identify the missing species in the following nuclear transmutation. A) B) C) D) E)
D) Identify the missing species in the following nuclear transmutation. A) B) C) D) E)
E) Identify the missing species in the following nuclear transmutation. A) B) C) D) E)

F) None of the above
G) C) and D)

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Select the nuclide that completes the following nuclear reaction. Select the nuclide that completes the following nuclear reaction. A) B) C) D) E)


A) Select the nuclide that completes the following nuclear reaction. A) B) C) D) E)
B) Select the nuclide that completes the following nuclear reaction. A) B) C) D) E)
C) Select the nuclide that completes the following nuclear reaction. A) B) C) D) E)
D) Select the nuclide that completes the following nuclear reaction. A) B) C) D) E)
E) Select the nuclide that completes the following nuclear reaction. A) B) C) D) E)

F) None of the above
G) A) and E)

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Who discovered radioactivity?


A) Geiger
B) Curie
C) Roentgen
D) Becquerel
E) Rutherford

F) C) and D)
G) None of the above

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A pure sample of tritium, 3H, was prepared and sealed in a container for a number of years. Tritium undergoes β decay with a half-life of 12.32 years. How long has the container been sealed if analysis of the contents shows there are 5.25 mol of 3H and 6.35 mol of 3He present?


A) 2.34 y
B) 3.38 y
C) 9.77 y
D) 14.1 y
E) 25.6 y

F) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

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The isotope The isotope has a half-life of 21 hours. If a sample initially contains exactly 10000 atoms of approximately how many of these atoms will remain after one week? A) 1250 B) 78 C) 39 D) 0 E) None of these choices are correct. has a half-life of 21 hours. If a sample initially contains exactly 10000 atoms of The isotope has a half-life of 21 hours. If a sample initially contains exactly 10000 atoms of approximately how many of these atoms will remain after one week? A) 1250 B) 78 C) 39 D) 0 E) None of these choices are correct. approximately how many of these atoms will remain after one week?


A) 1250
B) 78
C) 39
D) 0
E) None of these choices are correct.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Which one of the following descriptions relating to nuclear reactions is correct?


A) The ratio of neutrons to protons remains constant.
B) The number of protons plus neutrons remains constant.
C) The number of electron remains constant.
D) The total charge changes.
E) The total number of nucleons changes.

F) All of the above
G) B) and E)

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Gamma rays are not deflected by an electric field.

A) True
B) False

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The radioisotope The radioisotope will decay through A) α decay. B) β decay. C) decay. D) positron decay. E) electron capture. will decay through


A) α decay.
B) β decay.
C) The radioisotope will decay through A) α decay. B) β decay. C) decay. D) positron decay. E) electron capture. decay.
D) positron decay.
E) electron capture.

F) D) and E)
G) B) and D)

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Assuming that no other particles are produced, which of the following particles could be used to bombard nitrogen-14 in order to make fluorine-18?


A) alpha particle
B) beta particle
C) neutron
D) proton
E) positron

F) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

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The difference between the rad and the rem is


A) the rem is a rad per year.
B) the rad takes into account the type of radiation.
C) the rem takes into account the effect on the particular biological tissue.
D) the rem is a rad per kilogram.
E) None of these choices are correct.

F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

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Detection of radiation by a Geiger-Müller counter depends on


A) the emission of a photon from an excited atom.
B) the ability of an ionized gas to carry an electrical current.
C) the emission of a photon of light by the radioactive particle.
D) the ability of a photomultiplier tube to amplify the electrical signal from a phosphor.
E) the detection of the sound made by decay particles.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

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A N-14 nucleus is hit by a particle, forming a C-14 nucleus and a proton as the only products. Identify the type of particle which struck the N-14 nucleus.


A) alpha
B) proton
C) electron
D) neutron
E) deuterium

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Exposure to 10 nCi for 10 minutes is more hazardous for a child than for an adult because


A) the child's cells are dividing more rapidly than the adult's and are, therefore, more susceptible to the radiation.
B) the child's smaller body size makes the effective dose larger for the child than for the adult.
C) the child's immune system is not developed well enough to resist damage.
D) the child's skin is not as thick as an adult's and cannot block as much radiation.
E) None of these choices are correct.

F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

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The (negative) binding energy per nucleon reaches a maximum for the isotope 126C

A) True
B) False

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Select the nuclide that completes the following nuclear reaction. Select the nuclide that completes the following nuclear reaction. A) B) C) D) E)


A) Select the nuclide that completes the following nuclear reaction. A) B) C) D) E)
B) Select the nuclide that completes the following nuclear reaction. A) B) C) D) E)
C) Select the nuclide that completes the following nuclear reaction. A) B) C) D) E)
D) Select the nuclide that completes the following nuclear reaction. A) B) C) D) E)
E) Select the nuclide that completes the following nuclear reaction. A) B) C) D) E)

F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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The nuclide Pb-210 undergoes three successive decays (beta, alpha, and beta, respectively) to form a stable nuclide. What are the three nuclides that form from Pb-210 in this decay series?


A) Tl-210, Au-206, Pt-206
B) Bi-210, Tl-206, Pb-206
C) Pb-209, Hg-205, Hg-204
D) Bi-210, Pb-206, Bi-206
E) None of these choices are correct.

F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

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Which one of the following is an incorrect representation of the indicated particle or nucleus?


A) positron: Which one of the following is an incorrect representation of the indicated particle or nucleus? A) positron: B) neutron: C) helium-3: D) alpha particle: E) proton:
B) neutron: Which one of the following is an incorrect representation of the indicated particle or nucleus? A) positron: B) neutron: C) helium-3: D) alpha particle: E) proton:
C) helium-3: Which one of the following is an incorrect representation of the indicated particle or nucleus? A) positron: B) neutron: C) helium-3: D) alpha particle: E) proton:
D) alpha particle: Which one of the following is an incorrect representation of the indicated particle or nucleus? A) positron: B) neutron: C) helium-3: D) alpha particle: E) proton:
E) proton: Which one of the following is an incorrect representation of the indicated particle or nucleus? A) positron: B) neutron: C) helium-3: D) alpha particle: E) proton:

F) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

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Which of the following series of radioactive decays would convert Pa-234 to Ra-226?


A) beta, alpha, beta
B) alpha, alpha
C) beta, alpha, alpha, beta
D) beta, alpha, alpha
E) alpha, beta, gamma

F) C) and E)
G) A) and E)

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A 30.0-kg child receives 2.65 × 107 β particles, each with an energy of 4.60 × 10-13 J. If the RBE = 0.78, how many millirem did the child receive?


A) 3.2 × 10-7
B) 5.2 × 10-7
C) 5.2 × 10-4
D) 3.2 × 10-2
E) None of these choices are correct.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

Correct Answer

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