Question 1

How could you improve your experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Apply the hormone to mouse cell culture.
B)  Apply the hormone at a concentration of 0.5M.
C)  Hydrolyze the hormone before application.
D)  Add ATP as a cofactor.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 2

Which hormone is secreted by alpha cells of the pancreas in response to hypoglycemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucagon
B)  insulin
C)  glucose
D)  cortisol
E)  glycogenF) A) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 3

Which statement does NOT correctly describe hormones that can directly enter a cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  Steroid hormones can enter directly into cells because of their hydrophobic makeup.
B)  Water-soluble hormones can enter directly into cells because of their nonpolar makeup.
C)  Steroid hormones dissolve poorly in the plasma and are transported to target cells via special protein carriers.
D)  Once these hormones enter a cell,they bind to a cytoplasmic receptor and travel as a complex to the nucleus,or they may bind to the receptor after entering the nucleus.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 4

Which of the following features distinguishes all hormones from neurotransmitters?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hormones require large concentrations to have an effect,while neurotransmitters require only low concentrations.
B)  A hormone affects reproductive functions,while neurotransmitters control all other processes.
C)  Hormones travel via the blood to a target tissue,while neurotransmitters cross the synaptic cleft to a postsynaptic cell.
D)  Hormones are steroids,while neurotransmitters are amino acids.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 5

Which hormone lowers blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucocorticoids
B)  epinephrine
C)  insulin
D)  glucagon
E)  melatoninF) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 6

The use of bovine growth hormone (BGH) to increase milk yield in dairy cows is highly controversial.What other hormone is regularly added to milk,yet causes little controversy?

Accepted Answer

A)  vitamin A
B)  vitamin D
C)  MSG
D)  preservativesE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

What is a primary function of growth hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)  initiates stress response
B)  raises blood glucose level
C)  lowers blood glucose level
D)  stimulates bone growth
E)  inhibits loss of calcium from boneF) All of the above
G) C) and E)

Question 8

Which is the best explanation for how ibuprofen works?

Accepted Answer

A)  It thins the blood to relieve joint pain.
B)  It inhibits cyclooxygenase-2,which is needed to produce prostaglandins.
C)  It activates cyclooxygenase-2,which then produces more prostaglandins.
D)  It down-regulates the production of substance P.
E)  It activates cyclooxygenase-2,which promotes healing of tissue.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 9

Your friend is concerned because although she has never been pregnant,her breasts are producing milk.When she went to the doctor,he sent her to the MRI lab for a brain scan.She was too embarrassed to ask the doctor why.What do you tell her?

Accepted Answer

A)  "They were actually scanning your thyroid gland,not your brain.Are you getting enough iodine in your diet?"
B)  "The MRI technician must have mixed up your patient records.He should have done a thoracic scan instead."
C)  "LH and FSH from the posterior pituitary stimulate milk production.The doctor wants to rule out excess levels of estrogen in the pituitary stalk."
D)  "Prolactin from the anterior pituitary stimulates milk production.The doctor probably wants to rule out a pituitary tumor."E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 10

Some intercellular regulatory molecules that exert only very local effects are called ________ regulators.

Accepted Answer

A)  sympathetic
B)  exogeneous
C)  merocrine
D)  endocrine
E)  paracrineF) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 11

You are studying a disease caused by insufficient levels of a specific peptide hormone,and characterize mutations in several genes that can lead to the disease.Your startup company can only afford to pursue one gene product as a possible therapy.Which would you choose?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gene A - a transcription factor.
B)  Gene B - an enzyme that activates the hormone by cleaving its inactive precursor.
C)  Gene C - the hormone itself.
D)  Gene D - a kinase that acts downstream of the hormone.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 12

Nonpolar hormones can pass through the intestinal cell membrane without being digested,and therefore can be taken orally.Which of the following hormones are available as pills?

Accepted Answer

A)  insulin and growth hormone
B)  thyroid hormone and steroid hormones
C)  calcitonin and insulin
D)  insulin and steroid hormones
E)  calcitonin and thyroid hormoneF) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 13

Which of the following does NOT correctly describe antidiuretic hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)  It regulates water turnover in the mammalian kidney.
B)  ADH secretion is stimulated by high blood osmolarity.
C)  It ultimately acts to reabsorb more water.
D)  It exerts it effects via the cAMP pathway.
E)  It does not involve the use of aquaporin molecules.F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 14

You are a professor supervising first year medical students.One student is examining the adrenal gland of his cadaver."Wow!" he exclaims,"This person must have had an endocrine problem.Their adrenal gland lacks any kind of duct connecting it to the bloodstream.The hormones could only have oozed out." How do you respond?

Accepted Answer

A)  "That makes their adrenal gland similar to an exocrine organ."
B)  "Do you see signs of adrenal insufficiency,such as low fat stores or muscle degeneration?"
C)  "That's normal.The hormones ooze out and diffuse into nearby capillaries,which is why endocrine glands are sometimes called 'ductless glands'."
D)  "Look carefully and you will see the nerves that transport the hormones into the bloodstream."E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 15

What hormone stimulates the milk-ejection reflex?

Accepted Answer

A)  antidiuretic hormone
B)  oxytocin
C)  vasopressin
D)  parathyroid hormone
E)  aldosteroneF) A) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 16

Blood glucose levels must be carefully maintained within a narrow window.What endocrine organ is responsible for this task?

Accepted Answer

A)  pancreas
B)  pineal gland
C)  pituitary gland
D)  parathyroid glandE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 17

Choose the hormone that is NOT correctly matched with the endocrine gland that secretes it.

Accepted Answer

A)  adrenal cortex-aldosterone
B)  pancreas-insulin
C)  pineal gland-melatonin
D)  adrenal medulla-cortisol
E)  posterior lobe of pituitary gland-oxytocinF) A) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 18

When the body's blood glucose level rises above normal,which of the following hormones is produced?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucagon
B)  epinephrine
C)  insulin
D)  norepinephrine
E)  prolactinF) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 19

Which of the following hormones regulates metamorphosis and molting in insects?

Accepted Answer

A)  melatonin
B)  ecdysone
C)  estrogen
D)  somatostatin
E)  trypsinF) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Question 20

Beta-blockers are a class of drugs that target beta-adrenergic receptors,blocking the action of epinephrine and norepinephrine.These drugs are used to treat heart conditions,hypertension,glaucoma,and migraine headaches and are also used off-label to alleviate stage fright in performers.Since the beta-adrenergic receptor is a GPCR,what intracellular event is prevented by the use of a beta-blocker?

Accepted Answer

A)  a protein kinase cascade,initiated by the receptor's intracellular kinase domain
B)  release of an activated G protein subunit bound to GTP
C)  transport of the receptor-hormone complex into the cell and the nucleus,where it would regulate transcription
D)  a protein phosphatase cascade,initiated by the receptor's intracellular phosphatase domainE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Exam 44: The Endocrine System

Correct Answer
verified

Nonpolar hormones can pass through the intestinal cell membrane without being digested,and therefore can be taken orally.Which of the following hormones are available as pills?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following features distinguishes all hormones from neurotransmitters?

Correct Answer
verified

Which is the best explanation for how ibuprofen works?

Correct Answer
verified

The use of bovine growth hormone (BGH) to increase milk yield in dairy cows is highly controversial.What other hormone is regularly added to milk,yet causes little controversy?

Correct Answer
verified

Which statement does NOT correctly describe hormones that can directly enter a cell?

Correct Answer
verified

Your friend is concerned because although she has never been pregnant,her breasts are producing milk.When she went to the doctor,he sent her to the MRI lab for a brain scan.She was too embarrassed to ask the doctor why.What do you tell her?

Correct Answer
verified

What is a primary function of growth hormone?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following does NOT correctly describe antidiuretic hormone?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following hormones regulates metamorphosis and molting in insects?

Correct Answer
verified

Some intercellular regulatory molecules that exert only very local effects are called ________ regulators.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Which hormone is secreted by alpha cells of the pancreas in response to hypoglycemia?

Correct Answer
verified

Choose the hormone that is NOT correctly matched with the endocrine gland that secretes it.

Correct Answer
verified

What hormone stimulates the milk-ejection reflex?

Correct Answer
verified

You are studying a disease caused by insufficient levels of a specific peptide hormone,and characterize mutations in several genes that can lead to the disease.Your startup company can only afford to pursue one gene product as a possible therapy.Which would you choose?

Correct Answer
verified

How could you improve your experiment?

Correct Answer
verified

When the body's blood glucose level rises above normal,which of the following hormones is produced?

Correct Answer
verified

Blood glucose levels must be carefully maintained within a narrow window.What endocrine organ is responsible for this task?

Correct Answer
verified

Which hormone lowers blood glucose levels?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 44: The Endocrine System

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nonpolar hormones can pass through the intestinal cell membrane without being digested,and therefore can be taken orally.Which of the following hormones are available as pills?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following features distinguishes all hormones from neurotransmitters?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is the best explanation for how ibuprofen works?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The use of bovine growth hormone (BGH) to increase milk yield in dairy cows is highly controversial.What other hormone is regularly added to milk,yet causes little controversy?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement does NOT correctly describe hormones that can directly enter a cell?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Your friend is concerned because although she has never been pregnant,her breasts are producing milk.When she went to the doctor,he sent her to the MRI lab for a brain scan.She was too embarrassed to ask the doctor why.What do you tell her?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is a primary function of growth hormone?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following does NOT correctly describe antidiuretic hormone?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following hormones regulates metamorphosis and molting in insects?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some intercellular regulatory molecules that exert only very local effects are called ________ regulators.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which hormone is secreted by alpha cells of the pancreas in response to hypoglycemia?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Choose the hormone that is NOT correctly matched with the endocrine gland that secretes it.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What hormone stimulates the milk-ejection reflex?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You are studying a disease caused by insufficient levels of a specific peptide hormone,and characterize mutations in several genes that can lead to the disease.Your startup company can only afford to pursue one gene product as a possible therapy.Which would you choose?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How could you improve your experiment?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When the body's blood glucose level rises above normal,which of the following hormones is produced?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Blood glucose levels must be carefully maintained within a narrow window.What endocrine organ is responsible for this task?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which hormone lowers blood glucose levels?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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verified

Correct Answer
verified

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verified

Correct Answer
verified

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verified

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verified

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verified

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verified

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verified

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Correct Answer
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