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Exam 46: The Digestive System

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Question 31

Multiple Choice

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Food moved to the back of the mouth by the tongue causes all of the following EXCEPT

A) elevation of the soft palate to seal off the nasal cavity.
B) churning of the stomach contents.
C) covering the opening of the larynx by the epiglottis.
D) pressure against the pharynx to initiate swallowing.
E) the swallowing center stimulates successive waves of muscle contraction in the esophagus.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

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Question 32

Multiple Choice

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A drop to pH 4.0 in the duodenum would primarily stimulate the release of ________.

A) cholecystokinin
B) gastrin
C) insulin
D) pepsin
E) secretin

F) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

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Question 33

Multiple Choice

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After not eating for three days,________ levels will be high.

Since the hepatic portal vein empties into the liver,it is able to control the amount of ________ in the blood.

The liver produces ________ that functions in emulsification of fats.

The pancreas is an important accessory organ of the digestive system because it adds all of the following substances to the small intestine except

Gluten-free food options are becoming more and more common place due to the increased incidence and awareness of celiac disease in the US population.If a person with this disease eats foods containing gluten,the immune system responds by attacking and damaging or destroying his/her own villi.What digestive symptom would NOT be consistent with greatly-reduced numbers of villi?

The rate at which an animal consumes energy at rest is called ________.

The products of fat digestion in the small intestine are reassembled into triglycerides by the intestinal epithelium,before combining them with proteins to form ________.

Scientists in Switzerland compared the total surface area of the small intestine in different species of bats.When the calculations were done as if the inner mucosal surface was smooth,the average inner surface area of the intestinal tube was 9.1 cm² in one species.The mucosal surface area increased to 48 cm² when the villi were factored in and reached a total of 0.13 m² after adding in the membrane surface area of the microvilli.Approximately what percent of the total surface area of the small intestine in these bats can be attributed to the membrane surface area of the microvilli?

In what way are vitamins and essential amino acids similar in human metabolism?

Three-year old Ben's parents are ecstatic because he is now using the potty each time he needs to defecate.What muscle has Ben learned to control?

An animal with a gastrointestinal tract is the ________.

Jane and Tom are worried about their newborn baby who has just begun to nurse,but chokes and turns blue whenever she is fed.Their baby most likely has a defect in her ________.

Why doesn't the stomach acid just digest right through the wall of the stomach?

A baby is born without the ability to make parietal cells.This baby would not be able to ________.

The gastrointestinal tract does not include the ________.

The vertebrate digestive system consists of

Langur monkeys and ruminants (such as cows) are the only known mammals in which lysozyme functions in the stomach instead of in tears and saliva.The cow/langur enzyme also has five amino acid changes that are not present in other mammals.What is most likely to be true about lysozyme from langurs and cows compared to lysozyme from other mammals?