Question 1

A stranger has collapsed on a city sidewalk due to a heart attack. According to Darley and Latané, what is the first thing that must happen before you will help in this emergency?

Accepted Answer

A)   You must check if the stranger is related to you or your family.
B)   You must assume responsibility for helping.
C)   You must notice the stranger.
D)   You must make sure the victim is alone and truly in need of help.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

In helping situations,

Accepted Answer

A)   women offer more than men in dangerous circumstances.
B)   men offer more than women to help in safer circumstances.
C)   there are gender differences depending on the situation.
D)   men respond to a friend's problem more than women.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 3

According to evolutionary psychology

Accepted Answer

A)   individuals are rarely helpful to others, since such self-sacrifice would destroy one's chances of contributing to the gene pool.
B)   altruism occurs when a personal sacrifice is necessary to insure the group's survival.
C)   most altruism in human society reflects either a kin selection process or reciprocity.
D)   behavior is determined by genetics, so the social environment does not influence behavior.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 4

Who is most likely to respond favorably to an unexpected request for a charitable donation to a local hospital?

Accepted Answer

A)   Melvin's older sister, who is hurrying to get to her scheduled appointment with the family doctor
B)   Melvin's mother, who just received a very favorable job evaluation from her employer
C)   Melvin's younger brother, who is depressed over receiving a D on a physics exam
D)   Melvin's father, who is annoyed over the newspaper boy's trampling of his flower bedE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 5

Keisha is stopped on the street by a panhandler. In the context of personalized appeal, she is most likely to give money if

Accepted Answer

A)   the panhandler is male.
B)   the panhandler is female.
C)   she just had her picture taken.
D)   she can remain anonymous.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 6

Which of the following statements about helping is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)   Volunteering benefits one's health.
B)   Bereaved spouses recover from their depression faster if they help others.
C)   People who donate money are happier than those whose spending is self-focused.
D)   Research confirms that giving decreases happiness.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 7

In McMillen and Austin's research (1971) , participants who had lied were more likely to

Accepted Answer

A)   lie again.
B)   volunteer a large amount of time.
C)   volunteer a small amount of time.
D)   avoid the researchers.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 8

Evolutionary psychologists would have greatest difficulty explaining why

Accepted Answer

A)   Jill agreed to donate bone marrow to save the life of a stranger.
B)   Molly agreed to drive her neighbor to the doctor.
C)   Simon donated a kidney to save the life of his son.
D)   Rick helped his best friend paint his house.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 9

According to Latané and Darley (1968) , what must happen first for you to offer assistance in an emergency?

Accepted Answer

A)   you need to notice the incident
B)   you need to take responsibility for the incident
C)   you need to be a family or a close relative to the victim
D)   you need to weigh the costs and benefits of helpingE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 10

The social responsibility norm refers to the expectation that

Accepted Answer

A)   future exchanges of help must exist.
B)   leaders will help more than regular group members.
C)   people will help those needing help.
D)   to receive help, people must ask for it.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 11

Why does personal treatment increase helping in bystanders?

Accepted Answer

A)   It makes them more self-aware.
B)   It makes them more narcissistic.
C)   It triggers the social-responsibility norm.
D)   It increases ambiguity and reduces social responsibility.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 12

We are most likely to help when

Accepted Answer

A)   we have just observed someone else helping.
B)   we are rushed.
C)   the person is perceived to be different from us.
D)   we are in a group of people.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 13

A major weakness of the reward theory is that it

Accepted Answer

A)   is impossible to test experimentally.
B)   fails to account for the reciprocal exchange of favors.
C)   easily degenerates into explaining-by-naming.
D)   ignores the role of internal self-rewards in motivating altruism.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 14

People in a hurry may be less willing to help because they

Accepted Answer

A)   have weighed the costs of helping and have decided that the costs are too high.
B)   simply do not take time to tune in to a person in need.
C)   tend to be selfish and primarily concerned with meeting their own needs.
D)   tend to be more driven by conviction than by context.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 15

Mr. Lemming's neighbors mowed his lawn, but he was too sick and weak to reciprocate. We can predict that Mr. Lemming is likely to feel

Accepted Answer

A)   demeaned because he cannot return the help.
B)   angry at his neighbors.
C)   grateful and happy.
D)   proud and unthreatened.E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Batson and his colleagues (1981)  had university women watch another woman suffer a series of painful shocks. Some participants were led to feel empathy for her and were then asked if they would trade places, taking her remaining shocks. The results indicated that

Accepted Answer

A)   most participants agreed to help but only if they would be rewarded.
B)   most participants agreed to help even if they knew that their part in the experiment was complete.
C)   most participants downplayed the victim's suffering or convinced themselves that she deserved to be shocked.
D)   most participants refused to trade places but expressed sympathy and sought compensation for the victim from the experimenters.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 17

Which of the following statements is FALSE about empathy-induced altruism as noted by Batson?

Accepted Answer

A)   In general, women report more empathy than men and are less likely to support war.
B)   It is easier to feel empathy for a needy individual than for Mother Earth.
C)   Empathy-induced altruism can pose a threat to the common good when we narrow our focus of concern to close friends vs. others we don't know.
D)   Empathy-based altruism removes any type of partiality in a family.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 18

Altruism researcher Daniel Batson reported that empathy-induced altruism

Accepted Answer

A)   is always helpful.
B)   does not inhibit aggression.
C)   lowers cooperation.
D)   can feed favoritism, injustice, and indifference.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 19

Myers suggests that there are a number of reasons why individuals who live in big cities tend to be less helpful. Which of the following is NOT one of those reasons?

Accepted Answer

A)   They are seldom alone in public places.
B)   They become cold and uncaring after living in a city.
C)   They experience "compassion fatigue."
D)   They experience "sensory overload."E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 20

Identify a true statement about religiosity and helping.

Accepted Answer

A)   Religious individuals are less likely to be involved in jury service, community projects than other types of organizations.
B)   Individuals high in religiosity are most likely to engage in self-serving lies or fraud.
C)   Membership in religious organizations is hardly associated with civic activities like voting or talking to neighbors.
D)   Tendency to engage in charity is strongest for religious individuals were religious behavior is a matter of personal choice.E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Exam 12: Emotions, Stress, and Health

People in a hurry may be less willing to help because they

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A stranger has collapsed on a city sidewalk due to a heart attack. According to Darley and Latané, what is the first thing that must happen before you will help in this emergency?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Altruism researcher Daniel Batson reported that empathy-induced altruism

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Who is most likely to respond favorably to an unexpected request for a charitable donation to a local hospital?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Keisha is stopped on the street by a panhandler. In the context of personalized appeal, she is most likely to give money if

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is FALSE about empathy-induced altruism as noted by Batson?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Latané and Darley (1968) , what must happen first for you to offer assistance in an emergency?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about helping is FALSE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Evolutionary psychologists would have greatest difficulty explaining why

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Batson and his colleagues (1981) had university women watch another woman suffer a series of painful shocks. Some participants were led to feel empathy for her and were then asked if they would trade places, taking her remaining shocks. The results indicated that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

We are most likely to help when

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Identify a true statement about religiosity and helping.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The social responsibility norm refers to the expectation that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In McMillen and Austin's research (1971) , participants who had lied were more likely to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A major weakness of the reward theory is that it

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why does personal treatment increase helping in bystanders?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In helping situations,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mr. Lemming's neighbors mowed his lawn, but he was too sick and weak to reciprocate. We can predict that Mr. Lemming is likely to feel

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Myers suggests that there are a number of reasons why individuals who live in big cities tend to be less helpful. Which of the following is NOT one of those reasons?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to evolutionary psychology

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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