Question 1

According to Martin Seligman's analysis of the attitudes that promote near-epidemic levels of depression in America, most of us feel that if we don't "make it" in today's world, we can blame

Accepted Answer

A)   our parents.
B)   the government.
C)   the alienation of the modern world.
D)   only ourselves.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 2

Jane, a college senior, is mildly depressed. Asked to describe herself, she notes both her positive and negative qualities. She recalls both past successes and failures and takes personal responsibility for both. Jane clearly illustrates the _______________ effect.

Accepted Answer

A)   rose-collared-glasses
B)   sadder-but-wiser
C)   head-in-the-clouds
D)   feet-on-the-groundE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

Research investigating the nature of the connection between explanatory style and health has shown that people who routinely use the pessimistic style

Accepted Answer

A)   have weaker bodily immune defences.
B)   boost the morale of others via a contrast effect.
C)   also tend to be impulsive and resistant to influence.
D)   complain more but are not really sicker than optimists.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 4

The prevailing opinion of researchers is that the marriage-happiness connection is mainly due to

Accepted Answer

A)   social approval.
B)   happy people being more likely to get married.
C)   the beneficial effects of marriage.
D)   having children.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 5

The vicious cycle of depression is usually triggered by negative experiences that lead directly to

Accepted Answer

A)   self-focus and self-blame.
B)   depressed mood.
C)   further negative experiences.
D)   blaming others for the negative experience.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

Maxwell, a first-year university student, suffers from chronic depression. After learning that he has performed poorly on his chemistry test, he is most likely to say,

Accepted Answer

A)   "The test was not a fair assessment of what I actually know."
B)   "My chemistry professor does not grade his tests fairly."
C)   "I'm incompetent and probably always will be."
D)   "I am sure most people did poorly on the test."E) A) and B)
F) All of the above C

Question 7

According to the text, an essential contributing factor to why optimists usually live longer than pessimists is that _________________.

Accepted Answer

A)   they generally have greater income
B)   they are more likely to engage in healthy behaviours
C)   they tend to be more religious
D)   they are less likely to engage in risky behavioursE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 8

Kasey is very interested in studying how people respond to illness symptoms and how people's emotions influence their health. Which of the following careers is best suited for Kasey's interests?

Accepted Answer

A)   clinical psychologist
B)   health psychologist
C)   behavioural medicine
D)   none of the choices are correctE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 9

Depressed moods can lead to

Accepted Answer

A)   memories for negative events.
B)   bleak assessments of one's future performance.
C)   reciprocal depression in others.
D)   all of the choices are correct.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 10

asked British adults what had emotionally strained them and what had brought them emotional pleasure the day before. Their most frequent answers were _______ and _______, respectively.

Accepted Answer

A)   family; hobbies
B)   work; friends
C)   family; family
D)   work; familyE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 11

, based on their results, assert that

Accepted Answer

A)   depression is both a cause and a consequence of negative cognitions.
B)   happiness seems best pursued by focusing not on oneself but beyond oneself.
C)   all of the choices are correct.
D)   none of the choices are correct.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Poverty and ______________ predict lower life-expectancies.

Accepted Answer

A)   culture
B)   income inequality
C)   close relationships
D)   none of the choices are correctE) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 13

Colette is seeking a therapist. Based on the material in the text, Colette should make sure that the therapist

Accepted Answer

A)   feels confident that he or she is correctly interpreting Colette's experiences.
B)   has a great deal of clinical intuition.
C)   guards against the human tendency toward illusory thinking.
D)   is self-confident.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 14

Based on what you know about social cognition and depression, which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   Life is the art of being well informed.
B)   Stable, specific, other-focused explanations for negative events are common in depressed people.
C)   Unstable, non-specific, self-focused explanations for negative events are common in depressed people.
D)   None of the choices are correct.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 15

A growing body of evidence reveals that people who undergo highly stressful experiences become

Accepted Answer

A)   more resistant to low-level illnesses like colds and flu.
B)   become more vulnerable to disease.
C)   less self-disclosing and more socially isolated.
D)   stronger and more socially skilled than unstressed people.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 16

Which of the following individuals is least likely to suffer from health problems?

Accepted Answer

A)   Carmen, a married woman who works as a waitress
B)   Heath, a single male university student
C)   Kristen, a divorced mom of two children
D)   Bruce, a single male who is close to his sisterE) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 17

According to the text, an important implication of the research on illusory thinking is that

Accepted Answer

A)   intuition really has no legitimate place in doing science.
B)   the scientific method is the only legitimate way to answer significant human questions.
C)   research psychologists must test their preconceptions before propounding them as truth.
D)   the conventional wisdom is almost always wrong.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 18

Lepore and colleagues found that students who had viewed a stressful slide show and Holocaust video and were permitted to talk about it immediately after experienced ___________ stress and ___________ intrusive thoughts than those who did not talk about the event.

Accepted Answer

A)   less; more
B)   less; fewer
C)   more; more
D)   more; fewerE) All of the above
F) A) and D) B

Question 19

Which of the following is most true about why people delay seeking medical attention?

Accepted Answer

A)   they may feel embarrassed
B)   the cost might be too high
C)   they may want to avoid a possibly devastating diagnosis
D)   all of the choices are correctE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 20

University students who have depressed roommates tend to become

Accepted Answer

A)   somewhat depressed themselves.
B)   more accepting of people suffering psychological disorder.
C)   more optimistic about their own lives.
D)   more studious and committed to achieving academic success.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above A

Exam 14: Social Psychology in the Clinic

According to Martin Seligman's analysis of the attitudes that promote near-epidemic levels of depression in America, most of us feel that if we don't "make it" in today's world, we can blame

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jane, a college senior, is mildly depressed. Asked to describe herself, she notes both her positive and negative qualities. She recalls both past successes and failures and takes personal responsibility for both. Jane clearly illustrates the _______________ effect.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research investigating the nature of the connection between explanatory style and health has shown that people who routinely use the pessimistic style

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The prevailing opinion of researchers is that the marriage-happiness connection is mainly due to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The vicious cycle of depression is usually triggered by negative experiences that lead directly to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Maxwell, a first-year university student, suffers from chronic depression. After learning that he has performed poorly on his chemistry test, he is most likely to say,

Correct AnswerverifiedC

According to the text, an essential contributing factor to why optimists usually live longer than pessimists is that _________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Kasey is very interested in studying how people respond to illness symptoms and how people's emotions influence their health. Which of the following careers is best suited for Kasey's interests?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Depressed moods can lead to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

asked British adults what had emotionally strained them and what had brought them emotional pleasure the day before. Their most frequent answers were _______ and _______, respectively.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

, based on their results, assert that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Poverty and ______________ predict lower life-expectancies.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Colette is seeking a therapist. Based on the material in the text, Colette should make sure that the therapist

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on what you know about social cognition and depression, which of the following statements is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A growing body of evidence reveals that people who undergo highly stressful experiences become

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following individuals is least likely to suffer from health problems?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the text, an important implication of the research on illusory thinking is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Lepore and colleagues found that students who had viewed a stressful slide show and Holocaust video and were permitted to talk about it immediately after experienced ___________ stress and ___________ intrusive thoughts than those who did not talk about the event.

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Which of the following is most true about why people delay seeking medical attention?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

University students who have depressed roommates tend to become

Correct AnswerverifiedA

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C

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asked British adults what had emotionally strained them and what had brought them emotional pleasure the day before. Their most frequent answers were _ and _, respectively.

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Lepore and colleagues found that students who had viewed a stressful slide show and Holocaust video and were permitted to talk about it immediately after experienced _ stress and _ intrusive thoughts than those who did not talk about the event.

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B

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A