Question 1

Regarding people who are different as within one's circle of moral concern is called

Accepted Answer

A)   moral exclusion.
B)   moral inclusion.
C)   exclusive altruism.
D)   ingroup moralism.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 2

In addition to reducing the ambiguity of the situation and increasing personal responsibility, explain at least two other ways to increase helping behaviour.

Accepted Answer

One way to increase helping behavior is ...

Question 3

You are the leader of a work team. During the four-month job, any one of the members might have a very busy day and need help from the others. What is the best way to ensure that the workers will be willing to help each other out, if necessary?

Accepted Answer

A)   Make sure that one person is paid more than all the others, and that person will be the designated helper.
B)   Give each person a comfortable, private, isolated office in which to do their work.
C)   Set up all the workers in the same area of the building, where they'll see each other regularly.
D)   Promise all the workers that there will be a big party at the end of the job.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 4

Celeste is walking along the street one day when she sees that a blood-donor clinic is in progress. She is least likely to stop and give blood if she

Accepted Answer

A)   knows someone who requires frequent blood transfusions.
B)   is just out for a walk, with nowhere she has to get to.
C)   is on her way to do something really fun.
D)   none of these choices-there's no predicting when someone will help.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 5

Who of the following is most likely to respond favourably to an unexpected request for a charitable donation to a local hospital?

Accepted Answer

A)   Melvin's older sister, who is hurrying to get to her scheduled appointment with the family doctor.
B)   Melvin's mother, who just received a very favourable job evaluation from her employer.
C)   Melvin's younger brother, who is depressed over receiving a D on a physics exam.
D)   Melvin's father, who is annoyed over the newspaper boy's trampling of his flower bed.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 6

The doctrine of psychological egoism maintains that

Accepted Answer

A)   self-esteem is a more important motive than social approval.
B)   self-interest motivates all behaviour.
C)   our self-concept is determined by others' evaluation of us.
D)   the healthy personality has a strong ego.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 7

Discuss the evolutionary explanation for helping behaviour, including how kin protection and reciprocity are associated with altruism.

Accepted Answer

The evolutionary explanation for helping...

Question 8

Gordon is a primary school teacher who wants his students to learn to behave altruistically. Why might he teach the children using illustrations that show people from different cultures around the world?

Accepted Answer

A)   To expand the children's circle of moral concern.
B)   To teach the children that people who are different from them are valuable and worthwhile.
C)   To foster a sense of moral inclusion.
D)   All of these choices.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 9

Studies of the effects of mood on helping suggest that adults who feel ____________ are more likely than those in a neutral control condition to help.

Accepted Answer

A)   guilty
B)   sad
C)   happy
D)   all of these choicesE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

Confederates who were dressed either conservatively or in counterculture garb approached either "straight" or "hip" college students and asked for change to make a phone call. Results of this experiment confirmed a _______________ bias in helping.

Accepted Answer

A)   familiarity
B)   similarity
C)   credibility
D)   complementarityE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

In a study by McMillen and Austin, participants were induced to feel guilty by denying that they had been tipped off by an accomplice about how to answer test questions. After the test, the experimenter asked participants if they had any spare time to volunteer. Results showed that

Accepted Answer

A)   guilty participants wanted to leave immediately.
B)   guilty participants volunteered significantly more time than nonguilty participants did.
C)   nonguilty participants volunteered significantly more time than guilty participants did.
D)   guilty participants agreed to stay but distraction over their guilt feelings kept them from performing the task adequately.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 12

Latané and Darley had university students complete questionnaires in a small room and then had smoke poured into the room from a wall vent. Students who were working ___________ tended to notice the smoke _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)   in groups; less than five seconds
B)   alone; less than five seconds.
C)   on a challenging task; about 20 seconds
D)   on a rote task; less than five secondsE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 13

A charitable organization telephones to ask Mary to contribute $100 to send delinquent youth to a summer camp. After she refuses, the solicitor asks if she would be willing to give just $10. Mary agrees. Mary was influenced by the __________ technique.

Accepted Answer

A)   foot-in-the-door
B)   face-in-the-mirror
C)   overjustification
D)   door-in-the-faceE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Describe the egoistic and altruistic routes to helping. Be sure to relate these to the emotion felt, motives for helping, and subsequent behaviour.

Accepted Answer

The egoistic route to helping is driven ...

Question 15

The act of helping someone unconditionally defines

Accepted Answer

A)   the social responsibility norm.
B)   egoism.
C)   social-exchange theory.
D)   altruism.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

A classmate of Bianca's wants to borrow Bianca's notes to study for an upcoming exam. Research suggests that Bianca is most likely to agree if the woman says she needs the notes because she

Accepted Answer

A)   takes inadequate notes.
B)   doesn't like this class as well as her other courses.
C)   has been absent due to illness.
D)   has not been able to concentrate in class.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 17

A stranger has collapsed on a city sidewalk due to a heart attack. According to Darley and Latané, what is the first thing that must happen before you will help in this emergency?

Accepted Answer

A)   You must recognize the event as life-threatening.
B)   You must assume responsibility for helping.
C)   You must notice the stranger.
D)   You must make sure the victim is alone and truly in need of help.E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 18

Mail surveys and solicitations sometimes try to boost response rates by including a small gift (e.g., greeting cards) . This strategy is based on

Accepted Answer

A)   altruistic motives.
B)   the social responsibility norm.
C)   the norm of reciprocity.
D)   the door-in-the-face technique.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 19

People who live in _____________ are least likely to relay a phone message, mail lost letters, cooperate with survey interviewers, do small favours, or help a lost child.

Accepted Answer

A)   big cities
B)   small towns
C)   rural environments
D)   apartmentsE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 20

In a study by Dunn and colleagues, students were given a sum of money and told to spend it on themselves, someone else, or make a charitable donation. They later rated their level of happiness. Which group was gave the lowest ratings of happiness?

Accepted Answer

A)   Students who spent the money on a charitable donation.
B)   Students who spent the money on a gift for someone else.
C)   Students who spent the money on themselves.
D)   None of these groups differed in happiness as money doesn't buy happiness.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Exam 8: Altruism: Helping Others

Who of the following is most likely to respond favourably to an unexpected request for a charitable donation to a local hospital?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A charitable organization telephones to ask Mary to contribute $100 to send delinquent youth to a summer camp. After she refuses, the solicitor asks if she would be willing to give just $10. Mary agrees. Mary was influenced by the __________ technique.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a study by Dunn and colleagues, students were given a sum of money and told to spend it on themselves, someone else, or make a charitable donation. They later rated their level of happiness. Which group was gave the lowest ratings of happiness?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A classmate of Bianca's wants to borrow Bianca's notes to study for an upcoming exam. Research suggests that Bianca is most likely to agree if the woman says she needs the notes because she

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People who live in _____________ are least likely to relay a phone message, mail lost letters, cooperate with survey interviewers, do small favours, or help a lost child.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You are the leader of a work team. During the four-month job, any one of the members might have a very busy day and need help from the others. What is the best way to ensure that the workers will be willing to help each other out, if necessary?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Discuss the evolutionary explanation for helping behaviour, including how kin protection and reciprocity are associated with altruism.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe evolutionary explanation for helping...View AnswerShow Answer

Regarding people who are different as within one's circle of moral concern is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The doctrine of psychological egoism maintains that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Latané and Darley had university students complete questionnaires in a small room and then had smoke poured into the room from a wall vent. Students who were working ___________ tended to notice the smoke _____________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The act of helping someone unconditionally defines

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a study by McMillen and Austin, participants were induced to feel guilty by denying that they had been tipped off by an accomplice about how to answer test questions. After the test, the experimenter asked participants if they had any spare time to volunteer. Results showed that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A stranger has collapsed on a city sidewalk due to a heart attack. According to Darley and Latané, what is the first thing that must happen before you will help in this emergency?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Studies of the effects of mood on helping suggest that adults who feel ____________ are more likely than those in a neutral control condition to help.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mail surveys and solicitations sometimes try to boost response rates by including a small gift (e.g., greeting cards) . This strategy is based on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In addition to reducing the ambiguity of the situation and increasing personal responsibility, explain at least two other ways to increase helping behaviour.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIOne way to increase helping behavior is ...View AnswerShow Answer

Confederates who were dressed either conservatively or in counterculture garb approached either "straight" or "hip" college students and asked for change to make a phone call. Results of this experiment confirmed a _______________ bias in helping.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Celeste is walking along the street one day when she sees that a blood-donor clinic is in progress. She is least likely to stop and give blood if she

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the egoistic and altruistic routes to helping. Be sure to relate these to the emotion felt, motives for helping, and subsequent behaviour.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe egoistic route to helping is driven ...View AnswerShow Answer

Gordon is a primary school teacher who wants his students to learn to behave altruistically. Why might he teach the children using illustrations that show people from different cultures around the world?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The evolutionary explanation for helping...
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Latané and Darley had university students complete questionnaires in a small room and then had smoke poured into the room from a wall vent. Students who were working _ tended to notice the smoke ___.

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One way to increase helping behavior is ...
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The egoistic route to helping is driven ...
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