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Exam 11: Motivating Employees

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Question 61

Multiple Choice

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Which of the following statements would Elton Mayo be most likely to make soon after concluding his Hawthorne studies?

A) Workers are not lazy,but they normally lack direction and respond best to an autocratic style of management.
B) The key to increasing productivity is to provide workers with the best possible physical working conditions.
C) When workers are put into an isolated group,their natural tendency is to compete against each other and establish a natural "pecking order".
D) Employees who enjoy their work environment and believe they are respected are likely to be more productive workers.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Question 62

Multiple Choice

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The fundamental purpose of MBO is to:

A) give top management discretion in setting long-term goals and objectives.
B) make better use of staff managers by giving them control over various line departments.
C) involve all members of the organization in goal-setting and implementation.
D) reduce the amount of time managers must spend communicating with subordinates.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Question 63

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Goal-setting theory is based on the notion that setting ambitious but attainable goals can enhance worker motivation.

Maslow was mainly concerned with explaining how:

According to reinforcement theory,individuals act to receive rewards and to avoid punishment.

Job rotation attempts to make work more interesting and motivating by moving employees from one job to another.

Hal is a small business owner who wants to find a way to increase the productivity of his employees.He has just finished reading a book on worker motivation,and found the book's discussion of the Hawthorne studies particularly relevant.Based on his reading,Hal is likely to view pay increases as the best way to improve employee motivation.

Which of the following statements is the best description of how scientific management viewed workers?

Equity theory says that employees will perform well if they:

In Maslow's hierarchy,self-actualization needs are those needs associated with basic survival,such as the need for food and shelter.

According to expectancy theory,the amount of effort employees exert on a specific task depends on their:

Equity judgments are objective measurements of the fairness between a workers effort and their compensation.

The autonomy of a job refers to the impact the job has on the lives or work of people within the organization.

Abraham Maslow thought that once needs at one level of his hierarchy were met:

Frederick Taylor encouraged managers to make use of psychological techniques to improve worker motivation.

ABC Chemicals has redesigned many jobs to make the work more interesting and challenging.The company encourages its workers to further their education by reimbursing them for tuition payments when they complete a college course.ABC also recognizes worker achievements at a company picnic each spring and a company party in December.Talented workers are given promotions and added responsibilities.These policies suggest that management at ABC is using the findings of:

Hugh is looking for some workers to find ways to incorporate some new technology into his company's products.He is looking for workers who are comfortable with new technologies,and who are flexible,adaptable,and have a strong sense of commitment to their work.Many of his company's newest and youngest employees probably would meet these criteria.

In reinforcement theory,reprimands and reductions in pay are examples of negative reinforcements.

Goal-setting potentially improves employee performance in what way?

Expectancy theory suggests that managers attempting to improve employee performance would be well advised to: