Question 1

Which of the following events occurs last?

Accepted Answer

A)  IP3 (inositol triphosphate) is produced.
B)  Epinephrine combines with membrane-bound receptor on smooth muscle cell.
C)  Calmodulin binds to the enzyme that phosphorylates myosin and cross-bridges form.
D)  IP3 stimulates Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum.
E)  Ca2+ binds with calmodulin.F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 2

Match the description with the type of receptor model.
-messenger RNA synthesis regulated

Accepted Answer

A)  nuclear receptor model
B)  membrane-bound receptor modelC) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 3

Most endocrine glands communicate with their target tissues using _____ signals.

Accepted Answer

A)  frequency-modulated
B)  amplitude-modulated
C)  pitch-modulated
D)  resonance-modulatedE) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 4

An intercellular chemical signal that is produced by neurons but functions like a hormone would be called a

Accepted Answer

A)  neuropathogen.
B)  neurotransmitter.
C)  neurocrine.
D)  neurohormone.
E)  neurosynthesizer.F) B) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 5

Phosphodiesterase functions

Accepted Answer

A)  as a membrane-bound receptor molecule.
B)  to inactivate cyclic AMP.
C)  to attach phosphate groups to enzymes.
D)  to combine GTP with cyclic AMP.
E)  activates cGMP.F) None of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 6

Which chemical type of hormone has a longer half-life?

Accepted Answer

A)  lipid-soluble
B)  protein
C)  water-soluble
D)  amino acid derivativeE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 7

What type of hormone-receptor action allows insulin to move glucose into cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  activation of cGMP
B)  activation of adenylate cyclase
C)  direct alteration of intracellular enzymes
D)  phosphorylation of intracellular proteinsE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

A water-soluble hormone binds to its receptor on the plasma membrane.Arrange the events that follow in correct sequence. (1) alpha subunit-GTP complex alters cell activity
(2) GTP binds to the alpha subunit replacing GDP
(3) G-protein subunits separate from the receptor
(4) alpha subunit separates from other two subunits
(5) G-protein subunits bind to the receptor

Accepted Answer

A)  5,2,3,4,1
B)  4,2,1,3,5
C)  5,2,1,4,3
D)  5,4,2,1,3
E)  3,4,1,2,5F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 9

Steroid hormones

Accepted Answer

A)  bind to membrane receptors.
B)  diffuse easily through the plasma membrane.
C)  act by activating cAMP.
D)  are inactivated by phosphodiesterase.
E)  are water soluble.F) B) and C)
G) All of the above

Question 10

When a few intracellular mediator molecules activate several enzymes,and each of these activated enzymes activate still other enzymes,the hormone has initiated

Accepted Answer

A)  a cascade effect.
B)  a double loop effect.
C)  a protein kinase effect.
D)  a cyclic effect.
E)  a negative feedback cycle.F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Question 11

Hormonal secretion can be regulated by

Accepted Answer

A)  the action of a substance other than a hormone.
B)  the nervous system.
C)  other hormones.
D)  All of these choices are correct.
E)  None of these choices is correct.F) None of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 12

Given the following list of organic molecules,which includes hormones? 1) nucleic acid derivatives 2) polypeptides 3) steroids 4) proteins

Accepted Answer

A)  1,3,4
B)  1,2,3
C)  2,3,4
D)  1,2,3,4
E)  1,2,4F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 13

Hormones are intercellular chemical signals that

Accepted Answer

A)  are secreted into the external environment where they act.
B)  affect only non-hormone producing organs or tissues.
C)  help coordinate growth,development and reproduction.
D)  operate primarily by positive feedback.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 14

Match the description with the type of receptor model.
-membrane channels may be opened or closed

Accepted Answer

A)  nuclear receptor model
B)  membrane-bound receptor modelC) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 15

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The hypothalamus is important to both the nervous and endocrine systems.
B)  Both the nervous and endocrine systems may utilize the same chemical molecule.
C)  Some neurons secrete hormones.
D)  Both the nervous and endocrine systems respond quickly and are active for a long time.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 16

Match the chemical signal with the appropriate description.
-paracrine

Accepted Answer

A)  chemicals produced by neurons that function as hormones
B)  chemicals that act locally on nearby cells
C)  chemical secreted by presynaptic terminal
D)  influences same cell type from which it is secreted
E)  chemical secreted into blood by specialized cells; travels some distance to target tissuesF) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 17

What type of chemical messenger is released from neurons to activate an adjacent cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  paracrine
B)  neurotransmitter
C)  autocrine
D)  endocrineE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 18

Which pattern of hormone secretion,represented by epinephrine,can have dramatic changes in its concentration and circulating levels?

Accepted Answer

A)  chronic hormone secretion
B)  long-term hormone secretion
C)  episodic hormone secretion
D)  acute hormone secretionE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 19

Which of the following occurs when a hormone binds to a nuclear receptor?

Accepted Answer

A)  activation of cyclic AMP
B)  activation of mRNA synthesis
C)  increased lipid synthesis by ribosomes
D)  opens membrane channels
E)  alters membrane permeabilityF) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 20

Which intracellular mediator is directly activated by the binding of a water-soluble hormone to a membrane receptor?

Accepted Answer

A)  cGMP
B)  cAMP
C)  calmodulin
D)  phospholipase CE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Exam 17: Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Correct Answer
verified

Which intracellular mediator is directly activated by the binding of a water-soluble hormone to a membrane receptor?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Correct Answer
verified

Phosphodiesterase functions

Correct Answer
verified

Match the description with the type of receptor model. -membrane channels may be opened or closed

Correct Answer
verified

Given the following list of organic molecules,which includes hormones? 1) nucleic acid derivatives 2) polypeptides 3) steroids 4) proteins

Correct Answer
verified

Hormonal secretion can be regulated by

Correct Answer
verified

When a few intracellular mediator molecules activate several enzymes,and each of these activated enzymes activate still other enzymes,the hormone has initiated

Correct Answer
verified

An intercellular chemical signal that is produced by neurons but functions like a hormone would be called a

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following occurs when a hormone binds to a nuclear receptor?

Correct Answer
verified

What type of hormone-receptor action allows insulin to move glucose into cells?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following events occurs last?

Correct Answer
verified

Which pattern of hormone secretion,represented by epinephrine,can have dramatic changes in its concentration and circulating levels?

Correct Answer
verified

Match the description with the type of receptor model. -messenger RNA synthesis regulated

Correct Answer
verified

Hormones are intercellular chemical signals that

Correct Answer
verified

Steroid hormones

Correct Answer
verified

Match the chemical signal with the appropriate description. -paracrine

Correct Answer
verified

Most endocrine glands communicate with their target tissues using _____ signals.

Correct Answer
verified

What type of chemical messenger is released from neurons to activate an adjacent cell?

Correct Answer
verified

Which chemical type of hormone has a longer half-life?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 17: Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which intracellular mediator is directly activated by the binding of a water-soluble hormone to a membrane receptor?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Phosphodiesterase functions

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the description with the type of receptor model. -membrane channels may be opened or closed

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Given the following list of organic molecules,which includes hormones? 1) nucleic acid derivatives 2) polypeptides 3) steroids 4) proteins

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hormonal secretion can be regulated by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When a few intracellular mediator molecules activate several enzymes,and each of these activated enzymes activate still other enzymes,the hormone has initiated

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An intercellular chemical signal that is produced by neurons but functions like a hormone would be called a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following occurs when a hormone binds to a nuclear receptor?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What type of hormone-receptor action allows insulin to move glucose into cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following events occurs last?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which pattern of hormone secretion,represented by epinephrine,can have dramatic changes in its concentration and circulating levels?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the description with the type of receptor model. -messenger RNA synthesis regulated

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hormones are intercellular chemical signals that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Steroid hormones

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the chemical signal with the appropriate description. -paracrine

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most endocrine glands communicate with their target tissues using _____ signals.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What type of chemical messenger is released from neurons to activate an adjacent cell?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which chemical type of hormone has a longer half-life?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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